Digital Library Initiatives in India : An Overview

Digital Library Initiatives
in India : An Overview
Dr. Manoj Kumar Sinha
Associate Professor and Head
Department of Library and
Information Science
Assam University, Silchar-788011
E-mail: mksinha1965@gmail.com ,
dr_mk_sinha@yahoo.com
12/5/2013
Workshop on Best Practices : Digital Library
, Organised by Rabindra Library, Assam
University, Silchar, November 29, 2013
1

Break –Up of Paper
• Introduction
• Digital Library : Concept and Definition
• Characteristics of Digital Library
• Advantages and Disadvantages of Digital Library
• Digital / Electronic Resources
• Digitisation and Preservation
• IPR and DRM Issues of Digital Resources
• Digital Library initiatives in India
12/5/2013
2

Introduction
• The emergence of Internet has added a new dimension
to information technology which gave birth to the new
concepts of Digital Libraries (DLs), Knowledge
Management (KM), and archiving of indigenous culture
and heritage materials.
• The Digital Libraries have emerged as a crucial
component of global information infrastructure,
adopting the latest Information and Communication
Technology (ICT) to promote an organisational
structure that encourages communication and resource
sharing between the academician and scholars across
the nations.
•
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3

Definition and Concept of
Digital Library
• An electronic library (referred to as a digital
library) is a library in which collections are
stored in electronic media formats (as
opposed to print, microform, or other media)
and accessible via computers.
• The electronic content may be stored locally,
or accessed remotely via computer networks.
An electronic library is a type of information
retrieval system.
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Digital Library
• The first use of the term digital library in print may
have been in a 1988 report to the Corporation for
National Research Initiatives.
• The term digital libraries was first popularized by the
NSF/DARPA/NASA Digital Libraries Initiative in 1994.
• The term virtual library was initially used
interchangeably with digital library, but is now
primarily used for libraries that are virtual in other
senses (such as libraries which aggregate distributed
content).
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Digital Library• A distinction is often made between content that was
created in a digital format, known as born-digital, and
information that has been converted from a physical
medium, e.g. paper, by digitizing.
• It should also be noted that not all electronic content is in
digital data format.
• The term hybrid library is sometimes used for libraries that
have both physical collections and electronic collections.
For example, American Memory is a digital library within
the Library of Congress.
• Indian University Libraries are also in the transition phase
and representing Hybrid Library
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Digital Library
• In the context of the DELOS, a Network of Excellence
on Digital Libraries, and DL.org, a Coordination Action
on Digital Library Interoperability, Best Practices and
Modelling Foundations, Digital Library researchers and
practitioners and software developer produced a
Digital Library Reference Model which defines a digital
library as:
• "A potentially virtual organisation, that
comprehensively collects, manages and preserves for
the long depth of time rich digital content, and offers
to its targeted user communities specialised
functionality on that content, of defined quality and
according to comprehensive codified policies."
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Digital Library
• The Digital Libraries are electronic libraries where
the information is acquired, stored and retrieved
in digital form.
• Digital Libraries are the group-interlinked
workstations connected to the high-speed
networks.
• In the context of digital imaging, librarians face
greater challenges in capturing, storing,
formatting, retrieval and reproduction of non-
textual materials.
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8

Definition and Concept of Digital
Library (Contd--)
• In digital libraries the e-resources are mounted on the servers located at
remote places and the member libraries using user login and password
on yearly subscription basis may access the information.
• The digital collection resources may be e-journals, bibliographic and full
text databases, e-books, e-prints etc called e-resources that may be
shown in the digital collection and catalogue of the member libraries for
a particular period of time.
• The member libraries can access the resources simultaneously at a time
or at different time. Therefore many libraries may use the digital
collection available at one site at the same time without any problems
over the Internet through Dial Up, DSL, Lease Line or VSAT Connectivity.
• So the digital libraries are libraries without wall and it is also known as
virtual library in broader sense.
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Definition of Digital Library
• Digital Library has been defined by a UCLA-NSF Social Aspects of
Digital Libraries Workshop as ‘Digital Libraries are a set of electronic
resources and associated technical capabilities for creating,
searching and using information
• In this sense they are an extension and enhancement of information
storage and retrieval systems that manipulate digital data in any
medium (text, images, sounds, static or dynamic images) and exist in
distributed network.
• The content of digital libraries includes data, metadata that
describes various aspects of the data (e.g. Representation, creator,
owner, reproduction rights), and metadata that consist of links or
relationship to other data or metadata, whether internal or external
to the digital library”.
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Advantages of Digital Library
• No physical boundary.
• Round the clock availability ;
• Multiple access;
• Information retrieval;
• Preservation and conservation;
• Space.;
• Added value.; and
• Easily accessible
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Elements of Digital Libraries
• The U.S. Association of Research Libraries identified
five elements common to all definitions of digital
libraries:
– The Digital Library is not a single entity;
– The Digital Library requires technology to link the
resources;
– Linkage between Digital Libraries and
Information Services are transparent;
– Universal Access to Digital Library must be a goal;
– Digital Library Collections are not restricted to
document surrogates but include digital artifacts
that have no printed equivalent.
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Information Infrastructure Requirement
for Establishing Digital Library
• For establishing digital libraries in the
university/ institutional libraries, some basic
information infrastructure are required in terms
of :
– Necessary Hardware with latest configuration;
– Digital Library Software and Other Supporting
Software like DSpace , Greenstone ;
– Electronic Resources : Born and Digitized ;
– Internet connectivity with high Bandwidth ;
– Specialised equipments like digital camera, scanners,
sheet feeders, barcode printers etc
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Basic Components for Establishing
Digital Library System : Hardware
• Digital Computer powered by Pentium IV with high
capacity hard disk for Server and Clients in the LAN,
Web Servers and FTP Server etc;
• Desktop Workstations –PCs;
• Capture Devices such as Scanners, Cameras Cards etc.
• Cartridge Tape or Disk for backup;
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Hardware Components
• High Power UPS (10 or 20 KV)
• Printers (Laser and Ink jet printers (latest model), Consoles
and Test Computers;
• Secondary Storage or Output Devices comprising of CD-
ROM Disk (R and RW), DVD, CD-Tower, Flatbed Scanners
and Optical Character Recogniser (OCR), Data Compression
Device;
• High Speed Local Area Network (LAN, WAN), Internet
Connectivity ether through Dial-up Connectivity or V-SAT,
or through Lease Line or Radio Modem etc
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Software Component
• Operating System software: Latest Version of Windows or Linux ;
• Optical Character Recognition (OCR) Software;
• Scanning Software;
• Adobe Acrobat Reader;
• CD-Read/ Writer Software;
• Digital Library Software ie DSpace, Greenstone, Fedora. E-Print etc.
• Windows-NT Networking Software, SQL Server Software, Database
Management Software;
• Web Designing Software like Java, Front Page, XML etc.
• RDMBS (Relational Database) Supporting the variety of Digital
Databases like ORACLE, PosgreSQL, My SQL etc;
• Full Text Search Engines to index and provide access to digital
resources
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Tools of Digital Library
• There are various tools through which digital
library can be operationalised in a network
environment. These tools are:
– e-mail,
– mailing lists,
– newsgroups,
– bulletin board,
– web form, polling,
– instant messaging,
– Chat, conferencing,
– Internet Telephony,
– video conferencing and virtual worlds.
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Digital Library Software
• Dspace is available at http://www.dspace.org: DSpace is a digital
library system to capture, store, index, preserve, and redistribute
the intellectual output of a university’s research faculty in digital
formats developed jointly by MIT Libraries and Hewlett-Packard
(HP), DSpace is available to research institutions world-wide as an
open source system that can be customized and extended.
• Green Stone Digital Library Software: It is Open Source Software
available from http://greenstone.org under the term of the GNU
General Public License.
• GNU E-Prints Archiving Software (Version 2.2.2): The software is
available from http://www.eprints.org
• Ganesha Digital Library Software: GDL can be downloaded free of
cost at http://gdl.itb.ac.id/download/
• Libraonix Digital Library System: The Libronix DLS is available from
the site http://www.logos.com/products.12/5/2013
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Digital Library Services
• Access of CD-ROM based information retrieval services in a network
environment;
• Access to On-line Public Access catalogue (OPAC) within the campus
or over Internet;
• Provision of on-line circulation services (like reservation and
queries);
• Online Subscription to journals
• E-mail/ Internet Access;
• Access to online databases for providing Indexing and Abstracting
Services;
• Content Page Services;
• CAS and SDI Services through e-mail alert or group messaging;
• Online access to in-house databases through Campus LAN over
Intranet;
• Access to Shared or Union Catalogue available at remote locations
• Document Delivery of Digital content on demand; and many more
services as per the requirement of the users.
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Digital Library Initiatives in India
• In Indian scenario the concept of establishing digital
libraries is coming –up.
• The modern computerised libraries where all library
operation is being carried out by the specialised library
application software and suitable hardware and
software for creating and using library databases.
• These libraries are also having traditional collections
but they are procuring digital resources in the form of
e-journal subscriptions, bibliographical and Full Text
Databases in CD-ROM/ DVD –ROM format, Online
Databases of specialised subjects.
• These e-resources can be accessed over the Internet on
IP based identification of users.
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• The concept of Digital Libraries and digitisation has started in the
western countries in the last couple of decades back. In developing
countries including India, initiatives are being taken.
• The Government of India has already taken initiatives with the help from
the United States of America.
• The National Science Foundation of the USA has initiated the “Million
Book Project” at the Carnegie Mellon University in USA with India as a
partner in this endeavor.
• The Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, is the focal point of this
activity in India. The project is an International cooperative attempt to
digitize a million seminal books in fields that happen to be in the public
domain or are copyrighted but out of print, making them freely available
on the web to anyone at any time anywhere in the world. This helps
bridging the barriers in terms of time, geographical location and
economic strata of the users.
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• The project aims at digitizing a million books by
2005 in India alone. When completed, it will be
an important contribution in the field of
digitisation in India.
• As part of this project, India launched the ‘ Digital
Library of India Portal’ in September 2002.
• While inaugurating the Portal, Dr. A.P.J. Abdul
Kalam, the Hon’ble President of India in his
inaugural address said “India has taken the
initiative at the right time”.
•
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• As a part of the digitization efforts, the Department of Culture,
Ministry of Tourism and Culture, Government of India, also
launched the National Mission for Manuscripts in February
2003.
• Shri Atal Behari Vajpaee, the Hon’ble Prime Minister of India,
inaugurated the Mission.
• The main objectives of the mission are to facilitate conservation
and preservation of manuscripts through training, awareness, and
financial support; to document, catalogue, and promote access to
Indian manuscripts; to encourage scholarship and research in the
study of Indian languages and manuscriptology; and to build a
National Manuscript Library
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• Digital Library of India
• The digital Library of India project is hosted by
the Regional Mega Scanning centre, Indian
Institute of Information Technology,
Hyderabad in co-operation with IISc, CMU,
NSF, ERNET and MCIT for the Govt. of India
and 21 participating centres. It has developed
substantial collection of books, journals,
newspapers and manuscript (
http://dli.iiit.ac.in/ ).
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Traditional Knowledge Digital Library
(TKDL)
• NISCAIR and the Department of Indian Systems of
Medicine and Homeopathy (ISM&H) have entered into
an agreement for establishing a Traditional Knowledge
Digital Library (TKDL) on Ayurveda.
• NISACRE is the implementing agency for this project.
Its responsibility include providing user friendly
software, setting up of TKDL hardware and software
platform data entry, digitizing images of Slokas, making
Directory on Traditional Knowledge Resource
Classification (TKRC), popularizing the database and
hosting the database in web/ portal.
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National Science Library/
National Digital Library
• National Science (Digital) Library is a comprehensive collection of
Science & Technology publications in the country offering services on a
national scale.
• It subscribes to almost all S & T periodicals and has over 1,80,000 bound
volumes of books and periodicals. National Science Library has also an
Electronic Library Division with a rich collection of more than 5,000
foreign journals, conference proceedings etc and a large number of
databases including CA, CAB, SCI, Current Contents, Indian Standards
and US Patents.
• It has been planned to digitize the NSL holdings and to facilitate storing
of digitised information in the emerging electronic library environment,
eventually converting NSL into National Science Digital Library (NSDL),
which would serve as a model for other libraries throughout the
country.
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Digital Library Initiative at National Library
of India, Kolkata
• National Library, Kolkata has initiated a mega project of
digitisation of rare manuscripts, books, artifacts,
paintings etc. in digital form.
• The digitised documents are saved in CD-ROM / DVD. For
digitisation a very modern digital lab has been
established and the work of digitisation has been given
to a commercial firm, which is doing the job with the
assistance from the in-house staff.
• This project is under progress and it this project is being
funded by the Ministry of Culture, Govt. of India. In this
way the rare library resources are being preserved and
conserved by the National Library, Kolkata
(http://www.nlindia.org).
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Nalanda Digital Library Initiatives by
NIT, Calicut Library
• Nalanda, the Digital Library initiated in 1999 at National Institute of Technology
Calicut, is one of the largest digital libraries in the country. NALANDA serves
members of the campus in meeting their academic & research needs by
providing timely & up-to-date information with value added services in all the
areas of Science/Engineering/Technology. Apart from the Digital Library Reading
Room, members can access the NALANDA from the entire campus. Following
facilities are available :
• Online Journals
eBooks in Engineering and Science
eBooks in Arts and Humanities
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Journal Back Volumes Collection
Conference Proceedings
Database & Handbooks
Application Notes and Data Sheets
Special Collections
NITC Resources
E-Learning Courses
Computer Based CD ROM Tutorials
Create Profile Login
•
•
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ETDs Initiative in India
• Sodhganga Project initiated by INFLIBNET;
• Sodhgagotri Project initiated by INFLIBNET
• Vidya Nidhi Projects
• The Library and Information Science Department of Mysore University has
taken up the ambitious project, which aims to create an online database
of all doctoral theses and dissertations published by Indian Universities.
Having successfully completed the pilot project sponsored by the Union
Science and Technology Ministry’s National Information System for
Science and Technology (NISSAT), the university has begun work in July
2003 on the national task of digitizing around 30,000 theses in English and
multiple Indian languages published every year by 300 Indian Universities
and autonomous educational institutions.
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UGC - Sponsored Library Network
INFLIBNET
(Information & Library Network), Ahmedabad
An autonomous Inter-University Centre of the
University Grants Commission (UGC)
It is a major National Programme initiated by
the UGC in 1991 with its Head Quarters at
Gujarat University Campus, Ahmedabad.
Initially started as a project under the IUCAA
in 1988;
It became an independent Inter-University
Centre in 199612/5/2013
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Digital Library initiatives at INFLIBNET
• UGC-INFONET Digital Library
Consortium
• N-LIST Programme for College
Libraries
• Institutional Repositories at
INFLIBNET
• ETDs Initiatives at INFLIBNET
• Hosting of Scholarly Journals
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Successful Consortia
Initiatives for E-Resource
Consortia Initiatives in India
• UGC-INFONET (INFLIBNET) : 142 University Libraries
• http://web.inflibnet.ac.in/info/ugcinfonet/ugcinfonet.js
p : 5000 + E-Journals and Databases, JCCC
• INDEST Consortium (AICTE) : 120 (38 MHRD Institute
and 82 others)(10000 e-journals, 16 Databases, JCCC)
http://paniit.iitd.ac.in/indest/
• FORSA (Astronomy / Astrophysics Libraries : 11
Libraries ( http://www.iiap.res.in/library/forsa/html )
• DAE : 50 Libraries (1600 E-Journals) (
http://www.tirf.res.in/~libws/ )
• N-LIST Project of UGC-INFONET and AICTE-INDEST
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E-Resource Consortia Initiatives in India
• CSIR: 40 ( 3100 E-Journals)
http://www.niscair.res.in/Activitiesandservices/Maj
orProjects/majproj.htm#ejournalconsortia
• ISRO: 12 Libraries ( 900 e-journals and JCCC
• IMM (6 Libraries ): http://www.iimahd.ernet.in/
• http://www.iimb.ernet.in/,
http://www.iimcal.ac.in/
• http://www.iimidr.ac.in/
• http://www.iimk.ac.in/
• http://www.iiml.ac.in.in/
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E-Resource Consortia
Initiatives in India
• HELINET (RGUHS, Karnataka) ( 26 Libraries) (600
e-journals)
(http://www.rguhs.ac.in/hn/newhell.htm
• ICICI Kandnowledge Park ( 7 Libraries) 500 E-
Journals and JCCC Services (
http://www.iciciknowledgepark.com/
• ICMR (24 Libraries) ( 693 E-Journals and JCCC
Services) (
http://www.jccc.informindia.co.in/about/about.
asp
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E-Resources under
UGC-INFONET
09 Central and 02 State Universities are the part of
142 Universities Chosen by INFLIBNET Centre,
Ahmedabad for access to E-Resources;
5000 + E-Resources from 23 World Class Publishers
are available under UGC-INFONET Digital Library
Consortium for Full-Text, Abstracts , and Table of
Contents Access of E-Journals, Databases;
www.inflibnet.ac.in
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Publishers Wise Details of
E-Resources under UGC-INFONET
American Chemical Society (ACS): 31 Journals in
Chemistry (http://pubs.acs.org )
Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC): 27 Journals in
Chemistry (http://www.rsc.org )
Chemical Abstract Service (CAS) Chemical Abstract
Databases: (http://www.cas.org )
Nature Publications: Nature (
http://www.nature.com)
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• Institute of Physics: 36 Journals in physics including
archival access (http://www.iop.org/EJ)
• Cambridge University Press: 68 Journals from different
scientific disciplines.
• (http://journals.cambridge.org );
• Project Muse (John Hopkins University) 220 Journals in
social sciences , Humanities, and Mathematics
(http://muse.jhu.edu/journals )
• BIOSIS: Biological Abstract Databases
(http://www.biosis.org )
• Encyclopaedia Britannica (http://www.britanica.com )
• JSTOR (http://www.jstor.org )
• American Institute of Physics: 36 Journals in Physics
(http://www.aip.org )
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• American Physical Society (http://www.aps.org )
• Science Online (http://www.scienceonline.org )
• Annual Reviews (http://www.annualreviews.org )
• Springer Link Journals (http://www.springerlink.com )
• Kluwer online (http://www.kluweronline.com )
• Emerald Library Science Collections
(http://www.emeraldinsight.com/ft )
• Elsevier Science-Life Science Collections
(http://www.sciencedirect.com )
• Ingenta Gateway Portal (http://gateway.ingenta.com )
• J-Gate Gateway Portal (http://www.j-
gate.informindia.co.in )
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INDEST –AICTE Consortium
• The Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD) has
set-up the "Indian National Digital Library in Engineering
Sciences and Technology (INDEST) Consortium" on the
recommendation made by the Expert Group appointed by
the ministry under the chairmanship of Prof. N. Balakrishnan.
• The Ministry provides funds required for subscription to
electronic resources for (37) institutions including IISc, IITs,
NITs, IIMs and a few other centrally-funded Government
institutions through the consortium headquarters set-up at
the IIT Delhi. Besides, (60) Government or Government-aided
engineering colleges and technical departments in
universities have joined the Consortium with financial
support from the AICTE.
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C o r e M e m b e r s
• The Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD)
provides funds required for providing differential
access to various electronic resources subscribed by
the Consortium for 37 core member institutions. The
members of core group of Institutions are as follows:
• IITs and IISc (8)
• NITs , ISM, SLIET and NERIST ( 20)
• IIIT and IIITM (2)
• IIMs and NITIE (7)
• AICTE - Supported Members (60)
• AICTE provides funds for access to e-resources to (60)
Government engineering colleges or technical
institutions.
• Self-supported Institutions (99)
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E-Resources at INDEST Consortium
• ABI / Inform Complete (http://www.il.proquest.com/pqdauto)
• ACM Digital Library (http://portal.acm.org/portal.cfm)
• ASCE Journals (
http://scitation.aip.org/publications/myBrowsePub.jsp)
• ASME Journals ( + A M R ) (
http://scitation.aip.org/publications/myBrowsePub.jsp )
• ASTM Standards and Journals Standards: (
http://enterprise.astm.org Journals: http://journalsip.astm.org/ )
• Capitaline
(http://www.capitaline.com/intranet/INDEST_consortium.htm )
• CRIS INFAC Ind. Information (http://www.crisil.com/ )
• Digital Engineering Library (DEL)
(http://www.digitalengineeringlibrary.com/ )
• EBSCO Databases ( http://search.epnet.com/ )
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• Elsevier's Science Direct (http://www.sciencedirect.com/ )
• Emerald Full-text (http://www.emeraldinsight.com/ )
• Emerald Management Xtra (http://www.emeraldinsight.com/ )
• Engineering Science Data Unit (ESDU) (http://www.esdu.com/ )
• Euromonitor (GMID)
(http://www.portal.euromonitor.com/portal/server.pt )
• IEEE / IEE Electronic Library Online (IEL) (http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/
)
• Indian Standards (Intranet Version )
• INSIGHT (http://www.insight.asiancerc.com/ )
• Nature (http://www.nature.com/ )
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• ProQuest Science ( formerly ASTP )
(http://www.il.proquest.com/pqdauto)
• Springer Link (http://www.springerlink.com/)
• COMPENDEX on EI Village
(http://www.engineeringvillage2.org )
• INSPEC on EI Village
(http://www.engineeringvillage2.org )
• J-Gate Custom Content for Consortia (JCCC)
(http://jccc-indest.informindia.co.in/ )
• MathSciNet (http://www.ams.org/mathscinet )
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• SciFinder Scholar
(http://www.cas.org/SCIFINDER/SCHOLAR/ind
ex.html (access through a Z39.50 Client to be
installed on each PC)
• Web of Science
• About Open Access
• Open Access E-Journals
• (Source : http://paniit.iitd.ac.in/indest/)
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Other Consortium
• CSIR (Council of Scientific and Industrial
Research) Consortium
• (http://www.niscair.res.in/activitiesandservices/
major projects/majproj.htm )
•
• IGCAR (Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research)
Consortium
• FORSA Consortium
• Urdu Research Library Consortium (URLC)
• ( http://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi- bin/uric.pv )
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National Initiatives to Develop Institutional
Digital Repositories / Open Archives
• Self-Archiving
• e-Prints, an institutional repository of
research output from the premier Indian
research institute, the Indian Institute of
Science, Bangalore
(http://eprints.iisc.ernet.in/).
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Open Access Journals Initiatives by
Scientific Societies / Scientific Publishers
• Indian Statistical Association, which provides full
text access of its journal SANKHYA
(http://sankhya.isical.ac.in/) ;
• National Collection of Industrial Micro-organism
(NCIM) http://ncl-india.org/ncim ; and
• National Centre of Biodiversity Informatics:
http://wwwncbi.org.in
•
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Open Access Journals Initiatives by
Scientific Societies / Scientific Publishers
• Indian Academy of Sciences: (http://www.ias.ac.in/);
• Indian National Science Academy
(http://www.insaindia.org/);
• BioLine International: (http:// www.bioline.org.br/);
• Indian MEDLARS Center: (http://indmed.nic.in/);
• NISCAIR (National Institute of Science Communication
and Information Resources) Journals
((http://www.niscom.res.in/ScienceCommunication). ;
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Institutional Digital Repositories
Developed in India
• E-prints @iisc : http://eprints.iisc.ernet.in
• Documentation Research and Training Centre (DRTC)
(http://drtc.isibang.ac.in )
• Digital Repository of IIT Bomaby
• DRS@nio
• DSpace@NITR
• DSpace@MDI
• DSpace at Indian Institute of Management Kozhikode
• DSpace at National Chemical Laboratory, Pune
• DSpace@INFLIBNET
• Digital Collections@INFLIBNET Centre
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Institutional Digital Repositories
Developed in India
• ePrints@SVNIT (Sardar Vallabhbai National Institute
of Technology)
• eGyanKosh (It needs registration)
• ePrints@IIT Delhi
• ePrints@Catalysis
• ePrings@SBTMKU
• Indian Institute of Astrophysics Repository
• Kautilya Digital Repository of IGIDR
• NISCAIR Online Periodicals Repository
• OpenMED@NIC
• RRI Digital Repository (Raman Research Institute
Digital Repository)
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Conclusion
• Now the central Library, Computer Centre and
Department have been connected with campus
wide network under National Knowledge
Network Initiatives NME-ICT . We are member of
that initiatves ;
• So we must utilise the available resources under
UGC-INFONET Digital Library consortia, DelCon
Consortia (Bio-Medical Sciences) and other Open
Access Resources available over Internet for
research and development activities to take this
university to its maximum heights.
12/5/2013
67

Conclusion
• Library Networking by various agencies have been
momentum in the country. Amongst all other
Library Networks , INFLIBNET has been playing a
significant role for the modernization of University
and College Libraries of India in general and NE
Region of India in particular;
• Thanks to INFLIBNET for Bridging the Digital Divide
;
• We are located in remote area but we are no
longer remain electronically isolated lagging
behind rest of the country;
• Now we have ample E-Resources at our hand . We
have to optimally utilized the resources for
academic and research output converting our
dreams into reality.
12/5/2013
68

Thanks
and
Have a Nice Day
12/5/2013
69

Digital Library Initiatives in India : An Overview

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