3. 1 st three deal with the 3 branches

4. 4 deals with relations among states and with states and national government

5. 5 deals with amending the Constitution

6. 6 states the constitution is the Supreme law of the land

7. 7 provided for the ratification of the Constitution

10. rule of law – government and its officers are always subject to-never above-the law

13. Congress may have the power to make law but the President may veto (reject) any act of Congress.

15. Marbury v. Madison (1803) – losing Federalist John Adams (lame duck president) tried to “burn the midnight oil” and pack the judiciary with loyal party members. William Marbury had been appointed a justice of the peace for the District of Columbia (the night before Jefferson was to take office). Jefferson told Madison not to deliver commissions. Marbury went to Supreme Court for a writ of mandamus (is a court order compelling a government officer to perform an act which that officer has a clear legal duty to perform.) Marbury was refused.

17. Thomas Jefferson = incoming Democratic-Republican President of US

18. James Madison = incoming Secretary of State

19. William Marbury = appointed a justice of the peace for the District of Columbia

21. Angered by Adams' actions, Jefferson orders Madison to withhold any commissions not yet delivered.

22. Hoping to force Jefferson to give him the judgship, Marbury files suit in the Supreme Court. He argues that the Judiciary Act of 1789 allows him to take his case directly to the high court.

26. So there are 4 possible methods of formal amendment – changes or additions that become part of the written language of the Constitution itself.