1. Fluvioglacial Processes and Landforms

2. Meltwater streams Warm based glaciers produce the most meltwater Tunnel Snout Meltwater channel

3. Fluvioglacial deposits come from glacial meltwater Features formed by glacial deposition are different from those from fluvioglacial deposits. Retreating glacier Braided channels Terminal moraine Tunnel

4. Fluvioglacial deposits come from glacial meltwater Glacial deposits are unsorted whilst fluvioglacial deposits are sorted Retreating glacier Braided channels Terminal moraine Tunnel

5. Features of fluvioglacial deposition Terminal moraine Kettle holes Kame terrace Kame Esker

6. Sorting effect of fluvioglacial deposition Because of the effect that water has is similar to that of rivers the heaviest deposits are deposited first followed by the smaller and finer sand and finally clay. Outwash plain Gravel Sand Clay

7. Kettle Holes Blocks of ice that have broken off the glacier get surrounded and buried by glacial deposits When the ice melts they leave holes in the outwash plain called kettle holes.

8. Eskers Eskers are long winding ridges of sand and gravel that run in the same direction as the glacier. They’re deposited by meltwater streams flowing in tunnels under the ice. When the glacier retreats the stream dries up and the load remains as an esker.

9. Kames Kames are mounds of sand and gravel found on the valley floor. Meltwater streams on top of glaciers collect in ice depressions and deposit layers of sediment. When the ice melts the debris is deposited on the floor.

10. Kame Terraces Kame terraces are piles of deposits left agains the valley wall by meltwater streams that run between glaciers and the valley sides. The look like lateral moraine but they are sorted into layers Meltwater streams deposit the heaviest layers first, so they have gravel at the bottom and clay at the top.

11. Proglacial lakes Proglacial lakes can form in front of glaciers Tunnel Meltwater streams Terminal moraine Proglacial lake Glacier

12. How Proglacial lakes can form Proglacial lakes can form in front of glaciers This is usually when water from meltwater streams gets dammed by terminal moraine As the meltwater flows into the proglacial lake they slow down and deposit their load on the ice These deposits are dumped on the valley floor when the glacier retreats and the lake disappears and form delta kames