Stop motion animation involves taking multiple photographs of small incremental movements of objects to create the illusion of motion when played back sequentially. The document outlines the process of creating a stop motion animation in a preschool class, including storyboarding, setting up characters and backgrounds, taking small shots of incremental movements, and collaboratively sharing the final movie. It notes that while time-consuming, stop motion animation provides preschoolers benefits like developing numeracy, sequencing, collaboration, and digital literacy skills in a fun hands-on way that can enhance learning.