1. Xsorb
eco technology b.v.
Solar & Waste Energy Sorption
Storage & Space Heating
Solutions

2. Presentation of Xsorb eco-technologies rev 2 15 October 2009 by A. Minkkinen
Energy Store
Ventilation
Humidity Adsorption
Solar De-sorption
Drying
Xsorb eco-technology
Heat
Solar Energy
In-situ

3. Presentation of Xsorb eco-technologies rev 2 15 October 2009 by A. Minkkinen
Energy Box
Ventilation
Humidity Adsorption
Recovered Heat
De-sorption Drying
Xsorb eco-technology
Heat
Industrial & Bio Waste Energy
Ex-situ

4. Presentation of Xsorb eco-technologies rev 2 15 October 2009 by A. Minkkinen
Winter WinterSummer
Solar Energy Heating / Storage Paradox
3.0
2.0
1.0
MWh/a
Excess Solar
Direct Solar Contribution
EnergyStore
Space heating demand curve
Solar irradiation supply curve

5. Presentation of Xsorb eco-technologies rev 2 15 October 2009 by A. Minkkinen
Humid Heat Energy
The sources are many:
• Intake of outside humid air
• Cooking generated boil off steam
• Bathroom ventilation
• Clothes washing and drying generated vent streams
• Purposely generated humidity from humidifiers
• Human, animal and green plant respiration
• Liberated gas from candle wax combustion
also
Combustion flue gas from water heaters

6. Presentation of Xsorb eco-technologies rev 2 15 October 2009 by A. Minkkinen
Humid Heat Recovery
Condensation on a heat transfer surface
Recovers heat of water condensation
at ever lowering temperatures
Adsorption on a solid surface
Recovers heat of water adsorption
at a useful temperature

7. Presentation of Xsorb eco-technologies rev 2 15 October 2009 by A. Minkkinen
Humid Heat Energy
How much heat when condensed??
2 300 kJ / kg of water
Or
2.3 MJ / kg

8. Presentation of Xsorb eco-technologies rev 2 15 October 2009 by A. Minkkinen
Adsorption Heat Energy
How much heat when adsorbed ???
Heat of water condensation 2.3 MJ/kg
together with
heat of wetting from 0.5 to1.7 MJ/kg (wet to dry)
Average heat of water adsorption can be
3.4 MJ / kg of water over cycle

9. Presentation of Xsorb eco-technologies rev 2 15 October 2009 by A. Minkkinen
Space Heating…. Xsorb with Solar Contribution
Humid stale
room air
Warm fresh air
from every room
Heat Exchanger
Floor heat
Kitchen
Expelled
air
Fresh
air
Shower

10. Presentation of Xsorb eco-technologies rev 2 15 October 2009 by A. Minkkinen
Xsorb Residential Air Heating Process
Higher duty dry
PFHE
Warm fresh air to roomsCold fresh
air
Expelled stale room air
21 C & 60 % rH
33 C
0 C
28 C
Dry cool
Ventilated
air
5 C Kitchen Shower
EnergyStore
28 C
Laundry

11. Presentation of Xsorb eco-technologies rev 2 15 October 2009 by A. Minkkinen
10
20
Heat Duty kW
Heat Exchange Curves
0
30
0
Dry PFHE
5 degree C approach
Xsorb Air Heating
40
EnergyStore
Adsorption heat
Ventilated humid room temperature
Fresh warm air
5 degree C approach
Degree
C

12. Presentation of Xsorb eco-technologies rev 2 15 October 2009 by A. Minkkinen
Basic Xsorb with Solar Air Heating Process
PFHE
Warm fresh air to rooms
36 C
30 C
Kitchen Shower
EnergyStore
30 C
30 - 40 C
Laundry Rooms

13. Presentation of Xsorb eco-technologies rev 2 15 October 2009 by A. Minkkinen
EnergyStore
Ideal Solar Storage Battery Concept
EnergyStore
“Storage Battery”
Moist
air
Solar Panel
“Charger”
Hot water
Hot air
Summer
air

14. Presentation of Xsorb eco-technologies rev 2 15 October 2009 by A. Minkkinen
Example
Seasonal energy consumption
of a super insulated
150 m2
house built to 2015 EU recommended
residential space heating duty
15 kWh/m2
equivalent to 55 MJ /m2
thus:
55 MJ/m2
x 150 m2
= 8 250 MJ
8.3 GJ

15. Presentation of Xsorb eco-technologies rev 2 15 October 2009 by A. Minkkinen
Solar Contribution
Then 0.8 x 8.3 GJ = 6.6 GJ needs
to be provided
by the EnergyStore solar battery
If 20 % is considered as
the direct solar fraction

16. Presentation of Xsorb eco-technologies rev 2 15 October 2009 by A. Minkkinen
Based on EU ventilation standard of 50 m3
/h/person
@ inside comfort of 50% humidity & 20 degree C
• A house with 4 persons living inside ventilates stale
humid air with roughly 4 200 kg of water vapor in a
typical heating season
• with only 50 % recovery 2 100 kg of water is adsorbed
• The adsorption heat recovered to useful house
space heating @ 3.1 MJ/kg
is 2 100 kg x 3.1 MJ/kg = almost 6 600 MJ
and volume of adsorbent required would be
6 600 MJ / 760 MJ/m3
around 8.7 m3
Example
Ventilation Humid Heat Recovery

17. Presentation of Xsorb eco-technologies rev 2 15 October 2009 by A. Minkkinen
Example
Conclusion
Requires less than
2 %
of the house volume
150 m2
house volume with 3 meter high ceiling
150 m2
X 3 m = 450 m3
thus:
8.7 m3
/ 450 m3
= 0.0193

18. Presentation of Xsorb eco-technologies rev 2 15 October 2009 by A. Minkkinen
The Ex-Situ Option ;
Uses higher temperature waste heat from
an electric power plant or bio-gas fired generator
• This becomes a pipe-less “district heating”
concept; the adsorbent is the energy carrier
• dried adsorbent is delivered to customers
once, twice or three times during heating
season
The power plant becomes “greener”
Regeneration Options

19. Presentation of Xsorb eco-technologies rev 2 15 October 2009 by A. Minkkinen
• High temperature regeneration yields drier
adsorbent thus higher energy store capacity
• Allows the use of higher exothermic heat
performance adsorbents such as zeolites
• Allows the energy store volume to be very
much smaller
• Residential application becomes simpler at
lower investment cost
• Allows the potential Xsorb market to also
include retrofit to existing homes
Ex-Situ Regeneration
Many Advantages

20. Presentation of Xsorb eco-technologies rev 2 15 October 2009 by A. Minkkinen
• Solar energy collected in situ from roof top panels
• Warm summer air
• Heat recovered from all hot water drains
• Any other waste heat available in situ
• Heat generated by non-fossil energy sources
In-Situ Recharging
The most ecological option
uses:

21. Presentation of Xsorb eco-technologies rev 2 15 October 2009 by A. Minkkinen
Heat energy
• heat adsorbent bed to around 40 °C
• heat carrier gas to between 50 to 70 °C
This slowly evaporates water from adsorbent
Carrier gas
• heated outside air
• heated inside dry air
This carries water vapor from adsorbent
Recharging Requirements

22. Presentation of Xsorb eco-technologies rev 2 15 October 2009 by A. Minkkinen
Cost effective in-situ use of solar
energy
• summer use gets fully valorized
• winter use in perfect harmony with EnergyStore
• good combination with hybrid air & water cooled PV
solar technologies
• Ideal for newly built “green” buildings
Nearly complete elimination
of fossil fuel consumption and CO2
emissions in space heating
Conclusion