Developmental Reading

2. E X A M P L E :
How to Win Friends and
Influence People
(BY:Dale Carnegie1936)

3. QUESTIONS:
1) How do you influencepeople?
2) If somethingwrong was done on to you, how you are going
to react on thatperson?
3) What do you thinkof the title“How to win friends and
Influencepeople”?
4) Whatis/are your expectation/son theselection?

4. 1) What is the problem in thestory?
2) Who is responsible for whathappened? Why?
3) How did Mr. Bob Hoover reacted on themechanic?
4) In whatway do you thinkdid Mr. Hoover influencethe
mechanic?
QUESTIONS:
Answer the following questions in ¼ sheet of paper to
be passed after 5mins.

5. Company
LOGO
THEORIES ON TEACHING READING

6. What are the
Features of
the Top-
Down
Approach?

7. It allows
readers to
decode a text
even without
understanding
the meaning of
each word

8. It helps
recognize
unfamiliar words
through the use
of meaning and
grammatical
cues.

9. It emphasizes
reading for
meaning
instead of
giving attention
to each words,
its letters and
its sounds.

10. It engages the
readers in
meaning activities
instead of
concentrating on
the enhancement
of word-attack
skills.

11. It considers
reading of
sentences,
paragraphs,
and the whole
texts as the
core of
instruction.

12. It identifies the
amount and
kind of
information
derived from
reading as an
important
element.

13. According to Frank Smith:
•Reading does not aim to translate
written language to spoken language;
•It does not aim to process each word
or letter; and
•It does not derive meaning from text.

14. According to Kenneth S.
Goodman
Focus the goal of reading which
is “constructing meaning
according to text.”

15. Top-down Processing
Reader generates meaning by
employing background
knowledge, expectations,
assumptions, and questions, and
reads to confirm these
expectations.
Example
Pre-reading activities (i.e. activating schema,
previewing, and predicting) + background
knowledge (cultural, linguistic, syntactic,
and historical) = comprehension
Aebersold, J. & Field, M. L., (1997). From reader to reading teacher: Issues and strategies for second language
classrooms. New York: Cambridge University Press.

16. Step 1: Read the title. Predict what the
text is going to be about.
Step 2: Ask questions:
- What is your purpose for reading this
text?
- What type of text is this? (A
newspaper article? A letter? A
textbook? A poem?)
- What is a “Jabberwocky”?
Step 3: Activate background
knowledge: What do you know about
Lewis Carroll’s style of writing?
Top-down Strategies:
Application

17. “Jabberwocky”
By Lewis Carroll
(from Through the Looking-Glass and What Alice Found There,
1872)
Top-down Strategies:
Application

18. “Jabberwocky”
By Lewis Carroll
(from Through the Looking-Glass and What Alice Found There,
1872)
`Twas brillig, and the slithy toves
Did gyre and gimble in the wabe:
All mimsy were the borogoves,
And the mome raths outgrabe.
Top-down Strategies:
Application

19. ADDITIONAL INFORMATIONS..
EXTENSIVE READING PROCESS
How to read?
Read for general understanding
Focus on meaning, rather than on the language
Read rapidly
Compete only against yourself
No pressures of testing

20. E X A M P L E :
How to Win Friends and Influence People
(BY: Dale Carnegie 1936)

22.  Nickname: Bob
 Born: January 24, 1922 (age 93)
Nashville, Tennessee
 Allegiance: United States of America
 Service/branch: United States Air Force
 Years of service:1940–1948
 Rank: First Lieutenant
 Unit: 52nd Fighter Group Flight Evaluation
 Group Battles/wars: World War II
Korean War
 Awards:Distinguished Flying Cross
Soldier's Medal for Valor
Air Medal with Clusters
Purple Heart
Croix de guerre
 Other work: Test and air show pilot