Here are the answers to your questions: 1. I don't have chromosomes since I'm an AI assistant and not a living organism. Humans have 46 chromosomes. 2. If a cell with 8 chromosomes goes through mitosis, the two daughter cells will each have 8 chromosomes, since mitosis produces genetically identical daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell. 3. If a cell with 24 chromosomes goes through meiosis, the daughter cells would each have 12 chromosomes. Meiosis reduces the chromosome number by half in the daughter cells compared to the parent cell. So a cell with 24 chromosomes undergoing meiosis would produce gametes (sex cells) with 12 chromosomes each.

1. Word Parts
– NEW
• Mito – thread-like
• Inter - between
• Meta - middle
• Ana - away
• Telo - end
• Phase – change
• Kinesis – to split
• Gameto – sex cell
• Soma - body
– OLD
• Cyto - cell
• Pro – before
• Di – two
• Hap - half
• Homo – same
• A – not
• Osis - process

2. Cell Cycle
IPMAT+C

3. Two Types of Reproduction
• Sexual Reproduction (meiosis): requires
two parents of the opposite sex and
gametes: sperm and egg
• Asexual Reproduction: when one parent
produces one or more identical offspring

4. 3 Examples of Asexual
Reproduction
1. Clone: creation of a genetically identical
organism from one that already exists
2. Budding: group of cells that can be pinched off
from the parent to form a new individual
3. Regeneration: re-growth of a missing part
4. Binary Fission: one cell divides into 2 separate
genetically identical cells.

5. The Cell Cycle
Includes all other phases the cell goes
through as it grows and replicates
(divides)
It can be divided many different ways
• IPMAT+C
• Interphase + Mitosis + Cytokinesis
• Interphase + M Phase

6. M-Phase
Events of the Cell Cycle

7. 3 Phases of Interphase
1. G1 - when the cell grows
2. S - when DNA (Chromosomes)replicates
3. G2 - the cell prepares for Mitosis

8. Chromosomes
Genetic information is passed from one
generation to the next on
chromosomes
– Each chromosome consists of 2
identical “sister” chromatids.
– Each pair of chromatids is attached at an
area called the centromere.

9. The M Phase
Also known as Cell Division
Divided into Mitosis and Cytokinesis:
– Mitosis – (PMAT)
– Cytokinesis – when the cell splits into 2
identical cells

10. Mitosis
Mitosis - the asexual reproduction of a
somatic (body) cell
Mitosis is divided into 4 phases:
1. Prophase
2. Metaphase
3. Anaphase
4. Telophase

11. Interphase
•The phase of the cell cycle
in which the cell increases
in size and duplicates
chromosomes

12. Prophase
• The phase of mitosis in
which the chromatin coils
into visible
chromosomes, centrioles
separate, and spindle
fibers appear
Spindle
forming
Centromere
Chromosomes
(paired
chromatids)

13. Metaphase
Centriole
Spindle Fibers
The phase of mitosis in
which the chromosomes
line up at the equator of
the spindle and
chromatids are attached
by the centromeres to a
separate spindle fiber

14. Anaphase
Sister Chromatids
The phase of mitosis when
the centromeres split and
the chromatid pairs of each
chromosome are pulled
apart by microtubules

15. Telophase
The last phase of mitosis,
when the chromosomes
migrate to opposite ends
of the cell, two new
nuclear envelopes form,
and the chromosomes
uncoil to prepare for their
own independent
existence

16. Cytokinesis
The last phase of the cell
cycle when the cell’s
cytoplasm divides and
separates into 2 new cells

17. Cytokinesis of Plants
A structure called the cell plate forms midway
between the divided nucleus
Cell wall
Cell plate

18. Cyclin
• The protein cyclin regulates and
controls the cell cycle.
• When cyclin is defective the cell loses
control of the cell cycle and the cells
grow uncontrollably.

19. Contact Inhibition
• When cells have contact with each
other they know to stop growing
• Normal Growth
CUT

20. Cancer
Cancer is when cells have lost their ability
to control their growth rate/cell cycle
A mass of cancer cells are called a tumor
Cancer cells may break loose from tumors
and spread throughout the body,
disrupting normal activities and causing
serious medical problems or even death.
- Draw

22. Meiosis
“The Making of Me”

23. Chromosome Number
All organisms have a different number of
chromosomes
Humans have 46 total:
• 23 from dad
• 23 from mom
Fruit Flies have 8 total:
• 4 from dad
• 4 from mom
Fruit Fly’s Chromosomes

24. • Each chromosomes that comes from the
male parent has a matching chromosome
from the female parent and is called
Homologous
• A cell that contains both sets of
homologous chromosomes is said to be
diploid (2N)
– For Humans, the diploid number is 46 (2N=46)
– For Fruit Flies, the diploid number is 8 (2N=8)

25. • The gametes (sperm and egg) have a
single set of chromosomes
• These cells are called haploid & written
as (N)
– For Humans, the haploid number is 23 (N=23)
– For Fruit Flies, the haploid number is 4 (N=4)

26. Meiosis has 2 Cycles: Meiosis I
Prophase I Metaphase I Anaphase I Telophase I
and
Cytokinesis
Interphase I
Meiosis I

27. Meiosis II
Telophase II
and
Cytokinesis
Prophase II
Metaphase II Anaphase IITelophase I and
Cytokinesis I
Meiosis II

28. Gamete Formation
In male animals, meiosis results in four equal-
sized gametes called sperm.

29. In female animals, only 1 egg is formed. The
other 3 cells, called polar bodies, are not
involved in reproduction.

30. Comparing Mitosis and Meiosis
Mitosis:
• Results in the production of two
genetically identical diploid cells
• Each daughter cell receives an
EXACT copy of chromosomes

31. Meiosis:
• Produces four genetically different
haploid cells
• Each daughter cell receives HALF the
number of chromosomes
• How sexually reproducing organisms
produce gametes (sperm & egg)

32. Questions:
1. How many chromosomes do you have?
2. If a cell with 8 chromosomes goes through
mitosis, how many chromosomes will the
daughter cells have?
3. If a cell with 24 chromosomes goes through
meiosis, how many chromosomes will the
daughter cells have?