This document discusses four main causes of air pollution in Ecuador: 1) Vehicles that use low-quality fuels emit high levels of pollution. 2) Volcanic ashes contain harmful heavy metals like lead, cadmium, and arsenic that can cause respiratory and skin issues. 3) Many cities have factories and industries that emit harmful gases. 4) Hydroelectric power plants release particulate matter and gases from their combustion engines. The document concludes with recommendations to reduce pollution such as not littering, caring for plants, wearing masks, and properly disposing of trash.