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Manual for Streets 1

  The Contribution of Streets
  to Successful Places to Live


  Birmingham

  18 April 2011

  Phil Jones, PJA


Phil Jones Associates            sustainable transport solutions
What is a street anyway?

     “A street is a highway that has important public realm functions beyond
      the movement of traffic” (Manual for Streets)
     Streets have a sense of place and are distinctive

     Streets are lined with and provide direct access to buildings and public spaces

     Most highways in built-up areas can be considered as streets.




Phil Jones Associates                                              sustainable transport solutions
What are roads for?


                                     ‘The word ‘road’ derives
                                     from the Old English word for a
                                     journey on horseback: a road was
                                     something that one rode along’

                                     (Dictionary of Urbanism)
   ‘Roads are essentially highways
   whose main function is
   accommodating the movement of
   motor traffic.’

   (Manual for Streets)




Phil Jones Associates                            sustainable transport solutions
Previous National Guidance on Residential          Roads

    Design Bulletin 32 Second Edition (1992)


    “Residential roads and footpaths are an
    integral part of housing layout where ... in the
    patterns of movement around buildings the
    needs of pedestrians and cyclists for safety
    and convenience are given priority in design
    over the use of motor vehicles.”




Phil Jones Associates                                   sustainable transport solutions
But highly standardised car-led geometric standards...




Phil Jones Associates                      sustainable transport solutions
...created highly standardised, car-led layouts...




Phil Jones Associates                          sustainable transport solutions
“Some housing, such as this, meets planning and highway standards,
  but fails to create a sense of place or identity. We need to set our
  sights higher”

  The Communities Plan - 2003

Phil Jones Associates                                 sustainable transport solutions
Welcome to
                        The Midlands!!




Phil Jones Associates                    sustainable transport solutions
Phil Jones Associates   sustainable transport solutions
Poundbury, Dorset
Phil Jones Associates   sustainable transport solutions
Phil Jones Associates   sustainable transport solutions
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Phil Jones Associates   sustainable transport solutions
New Hall, Harlow




Phil Jones Associates   sustainable transport solutions
Phil Jones Associates   sustainable transport solutions
Phil Jones Associates   sustainable transport solutions
Phil Jones Associates   sustainable transport solutions
Phil Jones Associates   sustainable transport solutions
Phil Jones Associates   sustainable transport solutions
Building for Life - 4 Groups, 20 Criteria


                           Environment and Community

                           Character

                           Streets, Parking & Pedestrianisation

                           Design and Construction




    Streets are fundamental to the assessment...

Phil Jones Associates                               sustainable transport solutions
Q4. Does the development have easy access to public transport?




     Group 1 -
     Environment & Community
                                         The Village, St Austell



Phil Jones Associates                                       sustainable transport solutions
Q9. Do the buildings and layout make it easy to find your way around?




                                          The Village, St Austell

                                          Group 2 - Character




Phil Jones Associates                                    sustainable transport solutions
Q 10. Are the streets defined by a well-structured
        building layout?




     The Russells, Broadway, Worcestershire




    Group 2 - Character

Phil Jones Associates                                   sustainable transport solutions
Q11. Does the building layout take priority over the streets and car
            parking, so that the highways do not dominate?




        The Meadows, Shepton Mallet                        Broadclose, Bude

        Group 3 - Streets, Parking & Pedestrianisation
Phil Jones Associates                                   sustainable transport solutions
Q12. Is the car parking well integrated and situated so it supports
            the street scene?




  Broadclose, Bude, Cornwall               Lime Tree Square, Street, Somerset


  Group 3 - Streets, Parking & Pedestrianisation

Phil Jones Associates                                     sustainable transport solutions
Q13. Are the streets pedestrian, cycle and vehicle friendly?




        Victoria Gardens, Camelford, North Cornwall


         Group 3 - Streets, Parking & Pedestrianisation

Phil Jones Associates                                  sustainable transport solutions
Q14. Does the scheme integrate with existing streets, paths and
            surrounding development?




     The Russells, Broadway, Worcestershire




    Group 3 - Streets, Parking & Pedestrianisation

Phil Jones Associates                                sustainable transport solutions
Q15. Are public spaces and pedestrian routes overlooked and do
            they feel safe?




        Gwean Pawl Urban Village, Redruth      Clay Field, Elmswell, Suffolk



        Group 3 - Streets, Parking & Pedestrianisation


Phil Jones Associates                                 sustainable transport solutions
Manual for Streets (2007)

                               Streets are the arteries of our
                               communities – a community’s
                               success can depend on how well
                               it is connected to local services
                               and the wider world.

                               However, streets are not just
                               there to get people from
                               A to B – they have many other
                               functions.

                               They form vital components of
                               residential areas and greatly
                               affect the overall quality of life for
                               local people.

                               (MfS Foreword)

Phil Jones Associates                       sustainable transport solutions
Aims of Manual for Streets
     Bring about a transformation in quality
     A fundamental culture change to achieve streets that:
        –  help to build and strengthen the communities they
           serve;
        –  meet the needs of all, by embodying the principles of
           inclusive design
        –  provide part of a well-connected network;
        –  are attractive and have their own distinctive identity;
        –  are cost-effective to construct and maintain; and
        –  are safe.




Phil Jones Associates                                           sustainable transport solutions
Manual for Streets -
        Status and application
         Manual for Streets replaced DB32
         Applies throughout England and Wales

         Focuses on lightly-trafficked residential streets; but

         Many of its principles are applicable elsewhere, eg high streets and lanes

         It is guidance, not a standard or policy document




Phil Jones Associates                                              sustainable transport solutions
Working in partnership

      •   Truly multidisciplinary teams: planners, highways
          engineers, transport planners, researchers, urban
          and landscape designers...

      •   Crossing sectors: local people, elected members,
          consultants, local authority officers, campaign
          groups, utilities, homebuilders…




Phil Jones Associates                                  sustainable transport solutions
Sustainability
             MfS promotes walking, cycling, public transport due to...
                 –  Climate change/emissions
                 –  Congestion
                 –  Accidents
                 –  Health issues
             Labyrinthine and badly connected places encourage car use




Phil Jones Associates                                   sustainable transport solutions
Mode hierarchy
   Consider modes in order:
       –  Pedestrians
       –  Cyclists
       –  Public Transport
       –  Motor vehicles
   Accommodate all users on streets
   Tight corner radii level crossings




Phil Jones Associates                    sustainable transport solutions
Developing a Movement Framework

     Where are the key desire lines?
     How can the development enhance the existing
      movement framework rather than disrupt or sever it?
     What points of connection and linkage
      can be achieved?
     Should these be for all modes?
     Can concerns over ‘rat running’ be
      addressed through slower speeds?




Phil Jones Associates                               sustainable transport solutions
Street Character Types
     Consider
        –  Key dimensions (widths etc)
        –  Relationship to buildings and private realm
        –  Parking
        –  Materials
        –  Planting etc
     Terminology important
        –  Eg avenue, mews, lane, boulevard
        –  Not Minor Access Road, Local Distributor Road




Phil Jones Associates                                      sustainable transport solutions
Assembling Streets...

      Junctions as places
      Street width considerations:
         –  Traffic composition
         –  Pedestrian flow
         –  Parking
         –  Width/height ratios
         –  Swept paths
         –  Trees
      Designing in three
       dimensions




Phil Jones Associates                 sustainable transport solutions
Visibility
      MfS recommends shorter ‘Y’/forward sight distances
       than previous guidance
      No safety case for ‘X’ distance of more than 2.4m
      Can consider splays measured beyond the kerb
     Design         Miles per hour      37   30   25   20
     Speed
     DB32 - Y Distances (Metres)        90   70   45   33

     Manual for Streets - Y Distances   59   43   33   25




Phil Jones Associates                                  sustainable transport solutions
Why are reduced visibility splays so critical?
      Shorter sight lines helps to make urban development happen:
        Sites that were previously undevelopable can now come forward
        Maximising use of accessible, brownfield sites
        Enabling higher densities
        Less need for unsustainable greenfield sites




Phil Jones Associates                                     sustainable transport solutions
Y




                 X
Phil Jones Associates   sustainable transport solutions
Speed at Junctions and Links


      Speed increases with road width and visibility for both links and junctions


                   30                                                                           45
                                                                                                40
                   25
                                                              Road Width = 5 m                  35                                                 Road Width = 5 m
                                                              Road Width = 6 m
     Speed (mph)




                   20                                                                                                                              Road Width = 6 m




                                                                                  Speed (mph)
                                                                                                30
                                                              Road Width = 7 m                  25                                                 Road Width = 7 m
                   15
                                                              Road Width = 8 m                  20                                                 Road Width = 8 m
                   10                                         Road Width = 9 m                  15                                                 Road Width = 9 m
                                                              Road Width = 10 m                 10                                                 Road Width = 10 m
                   5
                                                                                                5
                   0                                                                            0
                        0   20   40    60    80   100   120                                          0   20      40    60     80       100   120
                                 Y Distance (m)                                                               Forward Visibility (m)



                                  Junction data                                                                        Link data




Phil Jones Associates                                                                                                    sustainable transport solutions
Ingress Park, Essex
Phil Jones Associates   sustainable transport solutions
Frontage Access Research

     Accident and Traffic Flow Data
       examined for 20 sites

     Traffic flows up to 23,000 per day

     Very few recorded accidents
       involving driveways

     No safety justification for limiting
       direct access to busier streets




Phil Jones Associates                        sustainable transport solutions
Phil Jones Associates   sustainable transport solutions
Local Standards

             Local standards are important to reflect local context
             Local standards need to cover placemaking and urban design
             Focus on improving local distinctiveness
                –  Vernacular details
                –  Material choices
             Local authorities are strongly recommended to review
              standards and guidance to embrace MfS principles.




Phil Jones Associates                                        sustainable transport solutions
The Lincolnshire Design Guide for
   Residential Areas (1996) advocates
   the qualities of traditional settlements
   over those of recent developments by
   juxtaposing illustrations of both.


   In the following pages it then proceeds
   to propose a road layout which would
   clearly make it impossible ever to
   produce the type of traditional
   settlement that is considered so
   admirable.


   Sue McGlynn and Ivor Samuels, 2000.




Phil Jones Associates                         sustainable transport solutions
Suffolk Residential Design Guide

                        “There have been many changes since
                        1993 in planning policy relating to
                        housing and a greater emphasis on
                        achieving higher quality design. The
                        SDG is now showing its age.”


                        It is anticipated that Manual for Streets
                        will be supplemented in Suffolk...

                        Work is progressing...




Phil Jones Associates                      sustainable transport solutions
Worcestershire CC new standards...




Phil Jones Associates                sustainable transport solutions
Phil Jones Associates   sustainable transport solutions
   Leicestershire/East Midlands guidance
     Initial review in 2007 following MfS – but mainly junction visibility
     More comprehensive review said to be pending...


Phil Jones Associates                                     sustainable transport solutions
Phil Jones Associates   sustainable transport solutions
Staffordshire CC standards (2000)




Phil Jones Associates               sustainable transport solutions
Phil Jones Associates   sustainable transport solutions
Phil Jones Associates   sustainable transport solutions
Quality Audits

            Quality Audits introduced in MfS1 - a ‘Balanced Audit’ reviewing key
             aspects of a design against set objectives

            Some authorities (eg Kent, Solihull) have taken the concept further

            CIHT working towards a guidance note on Quality Audits.


                                                   Policy Review



                                                   Objective Setting



                                                   Design



                                                   Quality Auditing



Phil Jones Associates                                              sustainable transport solutions
Car Parking

           Parking solutions should not dominate the scheme, and
           should be carefully considered to reduce the impact of
           parking spaces on the character and layout of the
           development.
           The Taylor Review.




Phil Jones Associates                                 sustainable transport solutions
Car parking - key principles
       No single best solution to providing car parking.
       A combination of solutions will often be
        appropriate
       “Rediscover the street as a beautiful car park”
       On-street parking is efficient, understandable and
        can increase vitality and safety
       Rear courtyards need to support on-street
        parking, not replace it.




Phil Jones Associates                                        sustainable transport solutions
Phil Jones Associates   sustainable transport solutions
Phil Jones Associates   sustainable transport solutions
Phil Jones Associates   sustainable transport solutions
Efficiency of types of parking

                   Level of efficiency/    Type of parking        Comments
                   flexibility
                                          On-street (communal)    Most efficient as
                         High                                     parking spaces are
                                                                  shared and the street
                                                                  provides the means of
                                                                  accessing the spaces.

                                          Off-street communal     Requires additional
                                                                  access and circulation
                                                                  space.

                                          Off-street allocated    Although more
                                          spaces but grouped      inflexible, this
                                                                  arrangement allows the
                                                                  potential for future
                                                                  changes in allocation.
                                           Off-street allocated   Inflexible, and largely
                                          garages but grouped     precludes shared use.
                                                                  Also security concerns.

                                             Off-street within    Inflexible in perpetuity
                                           individual dwelling    and more space
                                                 curtilage        consuming due to need
                          Low                                     for driveways.
                                             Garages within
                                           individual dwelling
                                                curtilage



Phil Jones Associates                                                        sustainable transport solutions
Tricky Issues - Adoption
    Highway Authority can refuse to adopt due to
     concerns over geometry and maintenance issues –

         visibility splays, radii, carriageway widths

         materials, street trees and planting, sustainable
          drainage...etc.

    Solutions –

         Development of protocols for collaborative
          working with highways officers

         Continuous learning from experience

         Development of better standards




Phil Jones Associates                                         sustainable transport solutions
Tricky Issues – Level Surface Streets
     Concerns of visually-impaired/vulnerable people
      over ‘shared space’ designs has extended to very
      lightly-trafficked streets.

     Solutions – recognition of pros and cons of level
      surfaces, close dialogue with relevant groups,
      appropriate traffic speeds and volumes.




Phil Jones Associates                                     sustainable transport solutions
Phil Jones Associates   sustainable transport solutions
Phil Jones Associates   sustainable transport solutions
Phil Jones Associates   sustainable transport solutions
Phil Jones Associates   sustainable transport solutions
Phil Jones Associates   sustainable transport solutions
Phil Jones Associates   sustainable transport solutions
Phil Jones Associates   sustainable transport solutions
Phil Jones Associates   sustainable transport solutions
“The quality of the public realm (streets, squares and open
space) generally does not reflect the quality of the
architectural heritage of Buxton town centre.”
Buxton Design Strategy




High Peak BC will work with Derbyshire CC to see that
highway works, including the design and construction of new
roads or highway improvements...reflect the Strategy as far
as possible. This will be key to raising the quality of the
public realm in the town centre.
 Phil Jones Associates                       sustainable transport solutions
Discussion Points
              - Geometry

              - Materials

              - Parking

              - Level Surface Streets

              - Trees and Planting




Phil Jones Associates                   sustainable transport solutions
Geometry




Phil Jones Associates   sustainable transport solutions
Straight and Bendy Streets – Fronts and Backs




Phil Jones Associates                    sustainable transport solutions
Straight(ish) streets vs bendy streets

 Phil Jones Associates                   sustainable transport solutions
Phil Jones Associates   sustainable transport solutions
Phil Jones Associates   sustainable transport solutions
Shepton Mallett

Phil Jones Associates   sustainable transport solutions
Phil Jones Associates   sustainable transport solutions
Poundbury

Phil Jones Associates   sustainable transport solutions
Phil Jones Associates   sustainable transport solutions
Phil Jones Associates   sustainable transport solutions
Junction Geometry - Kirby Lonsdale

Phil Jones Associates                sustainable transport solutions
Lincolnshire

Phil Jones Associates   sustainable transport solutions
The Hoplands, Sleaford

Phil Jones Associates    sustainable transport solutions
The Hoplands, Sleaford

Phil Jones Associates    sustainable transport solutions
Ingress Park

Phil Jones Associates   sustainable transport solutions
Materials




Phil Jones Associates   sustainable transport solutions
Poundbury
Phil Jones Associates   sustainable transport solutions
Redruth
Phil Jones Associates   sustainable transport solutions
Phil Jones Associates   sustainable transport solutions
Truro, Belvedere
Phil Jones Associates   sustainable transport solutions
Shepton Mallett
Phil Jones Associates   sustainable transport solutions
Ingress Park

Phil Jones Associates   sustainable transport solutions
Parking




Phil Jones Associates   sustainable transport solutions
Victoria Gardens, Camelford

Phil Jones Associates         sustainable transport solutions
Phil Jones Associates   sustainable transport solutions
Victoria Gardens, Camelford

Phil Jones Associates         sustainable transport solutions
Southwark

Phil Jones Associates   sustainable transport solutions
Clay Lane

Phil Jones Associates   sustainable transport solutions
The Hoplands, Sleaford

Phil Jones Associates    sustainable transport solutions
Highfields, Bakewell

Phil Jones Associates   sustainable transport solutions
Phil Jones Associates   sustainable transport solutions
Mortonhamstead Devon

Phil Jones Associates   sustainable transport solutions
Phil Jones Associates   sustainable transport solutions
Phil Jones Associates   sustainable transport solutions
Phil Jones Associates   sustainable transport solutions
Phil Jones Associates   sustainable transport solutions
Level Surface Streets




Phil Jones Associates              sustainable transport solutions
Broadclose, Bude
Phil Jones Associates   sustainable transport solutions
Phil Jones Associates   sustainable transport solutions
Lime Tree Square, Street

Phil Jones Associates                      sustainable transport solutions
Mortonhampstead
Phil Jones Associates   sustainable transport solutions
Trees and Planting




Phil Jones Associates           sustainable transport solutions
Charlton Down, Dorset
Phil Jones Associates   sustainable transport solutions
Sherbourne
Phil Jones Associates   sustainable transport solutions
Newhall, Harlow
Phil Jones Associates   sustainable transport solutions
Phil Jones Associates   sustainable transport solutions
Broadclose, Bude
Phil Jones Associates   sustainable transport solutions
Phil Jones Associates   sustainable transport solutions

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Manual for Streets 1

  • 1. Manual for Streets 1 The Contribution of Streets to Successful Places to Live Birmingham 18 April 2011 Phil Jones, PJA Phil Jones Associates sustainable transport solutions
  • 2. What is a street anyway?   “A street is a highway that has important public realm functions beyond the movement of traffic” (Manual for Streets)   Streets have a sense of place and are distinctive   Streets are lined with and provide direct access to buildings and public spaces   Most highways in built-up areas can be considered as streets. Phil Jones Associates sustainable transport solutions
  • 3. What are roads for? ‘The word ‘road’ derives from the Old English word for a journey on horseback: a road was something that one rode along’ (Dictionary of Urbanism) ‘Roads are essentially highways whose main function is accommodating the movement of motor traffic.’ (Manual for Streets) Phil Jones Associates sustainable transport solutions
  • 4. Previous National Guidance on Residential Roads Design Bulletin 32 Second Edition (1992) “Residential roads and footpaths are an integral part of housing layout where ... in the patterns of movement around buildings the needs of pedestrians and cyclists for safety and convenience are given priority in design over the use of motor vehicles.” Phil Jones Associates sustainable transport solutions
  • 5. But highly standardised car-led geometric standards... Phil Jones Associates sustainable transport solutions
  • 6. ...created highly standardised, car-led layouts... Phil Jones Associates sustainable transport solutions
  • 7. “Some housing, such as this, meets planning and highway standards, but fails to create a sense of place or identity. We need to set our sights higher” The Communities Plan - 2003 Phil Jones Associates sustainable transport solutions
  • 8. Welcome to The Midlands!! Phil Jones Associates sustainable transport solutions
  • 9. Phil Jones Associates sustainable transport solutions
  • 10. Poundbury, Dorset Phil Jones Associates sustainable transport solutions
  • 11. Phil Jones Associates sustainable transport solutions
  • 12. Phil Jones Associates sustainable transport solutions
  • 13. Phil Jones Associates sustainable transport solutions
  • 14. New Hall, Harlow Phil Jones Associates sustainable transport solutions
  • 15. Phil Jones Associates sustainable transport solutions
  • 16. Phil Jones Associates sustainable transport solutions
  • 17. Phil Jones Associates sustainable transport solutions
  • 18. Phil Jones Associates sustainable transport solutions
  • 19. Phil Jones Associates sustainable transport solutions
  • 20. Building for Life - 4 Groups, 20 Criteria    Environment and Community    Character    Streets, Parking & Pedestrianisation    Design and Construction Streets are fundamental to the assessment... Phil Jones Associates sustainable transport solutions
  • 21. Q4. Does the development have easy access to public transport? Group 1 - Environment & Community The Village, St Austell Phil Jones Associates sustainable transport solutions
  • 22. Q9. Do the buildings and layout make it easy to find your way around? The Village, St Austell Group 2 - Character Phil Jones Associates sustainable transport solutions
  • 23. Q 10. Are the streets defined by a well-structured building layout? The Russells, Broadway, Worcestershire Group 2 - Character Phil Jones Associates sustainable transport solutions
  • 24. Q11. Does the building layout take priority over the streets and car parking, so that the highways do not dominate? The Meadows, Shepton Mallet Broadclose, Bude Group 3 - Streets, Parking & Pedestrianisation Phil Jones Associates sustainable transport solutions
  • 25. Q12. Is the car parking well integrated and situated so it supports the street scene? Broadclose, Bude, Cornwall Lime Tree Square, Street, Somerset Group 3 - Streets, Parking & Pedestrianisation Phil Jones Associates sustainable transport solutions
  • 26. Q13. Are the streets pedestrian, cycle and vehicle friendly? Victoria Gardens, Camelford, North Cornwall Group 3 - Streets, Parking & Pedestrianisation Phil Jones Associates sustainable transport solutions
  • 27. Q14. Does the scheme integrate with existing streets, paths and surrounding development? The Russells, Broadway, Worcestershire Group 3 - Streets, Parking & Pedestrianisation Phil Jones Associates sustainable transport solutions
  • 28. Q15. Are public spaces and pedestrian routes overlooked and do they feel safe? Gwean Pawl Urban Village, Redruth Clay Field, Elmswell, Suffolk Group 3 - Streets, Parking & Pedestrianisation Phil Jones Associates sustainable transport solutions
  • 29. Manual for Streets (2007) Streets are the arteries of our communities – a community’s success can depend on how well it is connected to local services and the wider world. However, streets are not just there to get people from A to B – they have many other functions. They form vital components of residential areas and greatly affect the overall quality of life for local people. (MfS Foreword) Phil Jones Associates sustainable transport solutions
  • 30. Aims of Manual for Streets   Bring about a transformation in quality   A fundamental culture change to achieve streets that: –  help to build and strengthen the communities they serve; –  meet the needs of all, by embodying the principles of inclusive design –  provide part of a well-connected network; –  are attractive and have their own distinctive identity; –  are cost-effective to construct and maintain; and –  are safe. Phil Jones Associates sustainable transport solutions
  • 31. Manual for Streets - Status and application   Manual for Streets replaced DB32   Applies throughout England and Wales   Focuses on lightly-trafficked residential streets; but   Many of its principles are applicable elsewhere, eg high streets and lanes   It is guidance, not a standard or policy document Phil Jones Associates sustainable transport solutions
  • 32. Working in partnership •   Truly multidisciplinary teams: planners, highways engineers, transport planners, researchers, urban and landscape designers... •   Crossing sectors: local people, elected members, consultants, local authority officers, campaign groups, utilities, homebuilders… Phil Jones Associates sustainable transport solutions
  • 33. Sustainability   MfS promotes walking, cycling, public transport due to... –  Climate change/emissions –  Congestion –  Accidents –  Health issues   Labyrinthine and badly connected places encourage car use Phil Jones Associates sustainable transport solutions
  • 34. Mode hierarchy   Consider modes in order: –  Pedestrians –  Cyclists –  Public Transport –  Motor vehicles   Accommodate all users on streets   Tight corner radii level crossings Phil Jones Associates sustainable transport solutions
  • 35. Developing a Movement Framework   Where are the key desire lines?   How can the development enhance the existing movement framework rather than disrupt or sever it?   What points of connection and linkage can be achieved?   Should these be for all modes?   Can concerns over ‘rat running’ be addressed through slower speeds? Phil Jones Associates sustainable transport solutions
  • 36. Street Character Types   Consider –  Key dimensions (widths etc) –  Relationship to buildings and private realm –  Parking –  Materials –  Planting etc   Terminology important –  Eg avenue, mews, lane, boulevard –  Not Minor Access Road, Local Distributor Road Phil Jones Associates sustainable transport solutions
  • 37. Assembling Streets...   Junctions as places   Street width considerations: –  Traffic composition –  Pedestrian flow –  Parking –  Width/height ratios –  Swept paths –  Trees   Designing in three dimensions Phil Jones Associates sustainable transport solutions
  • 38. Visibility   MfS recommends shorter ‘Y’/forward sight distances than previous guidance   No safety case for ‘X’ distance of more than 2.4m   Can consider splays measured beyond the kerb Design Miles per hour 37 30 25 20 Speed DB32 - Y Distances (Metres) 90 70 45 33 Manual for Streets - Y Distances 59 43 33 25 Phil Jones Associates sustainable transport solutions
  • 39. Why are reduced visibility splays so critical? Shorter sight lines helps to make urban development happen:   Sites that were previously undevelopable can now come forward   Maximising use of accessible, brownfield sites   Enabling higher densities   Less need for unsustainable greenfield sites Phil Jones Associates sustainable transport solutions
  • 40. Y X Phil Jones Associates sustainable transport solutions
  • 41. Speed at Junctions and Links   Speed increases with road width and visibility for both links and junctions 30 45 40 25 Road Width = 5 m 35 Road Width = 5 m Road Width = 6 m Speed (mph) 20 Road Width = 6 m Speed (mph) 30 Road Width = 7 m 25 Road Width = 7 m 15 Road Width = 8 m 20 Road Width = 8 m 10 Road Width = 9 m 15 Road Width = 9 m Road Width = 10 m 10 Road Width = 10 m 5 5 0 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 Y Distance (m) Forward Visibility (m) Junction data Link data Phil Jones Associates sustainable transport solutions
  • 42. Ingress Park, Essex Phil Jones Associates sustainable transport solutions
  • 43. Frontage Access Research   Accident and Traffic Flow Data examined for 20 sites   Traffic flows up to 23,000 per day   Very few recorded accidents involving driveways   No safety justification for limiting direct access to busier streets Phil Jones Associates sustainable transport solutions
  • 44. Phil Jones Associates sustainable transport solutions
  • 45. Local Standards   Local standards are important to reflect local context   Local standards need to cover placemaking and urban design   Focus on improving local distinctiveness –  Vernacular details –  Material choices   Local authorities are strongly recommended to review standards and guidance to embrace MfS principles. Phil Jones Associates sustainable transport solutions
  • 46. The Lincolnshire Design Guide for Residential Areas (1996) advocates the qualities of traditional settlements over those of recent developments by juxtaposing illustrations of both. In the following pages it then proceeds to propose a road layout which would clearly make it impossible ever to produce the type of traditional settlement that is considered so admirable. Sue McGlynn and Ivor Samuels, 2000. Phil Jones Associates sustainable transport solutions
  • 47. Suffolk Residential Design Guide “There have been many changes since 1993 in planning policy relating to housing and a greater emphasis on achieving higher quality design. The SDG is now showing its age.” It is anticipated that Manual for Streets will be supplemented in Suffolk... Work is progressing... Phil Jones Associates sustainable transport solutions
  • 48. Worcestershire CC new standards... Phil Jones Associates sustainable transport solutions
  • 49. Phil Jones Associates sustainable transport solutions
  • 50.    Leicestershire/East Midlands guidance    Initial review in 2007 following MfS – but mainly junction visibility    More comprehensive review said to be pending... Phil Jones Associates sustainable transport solutions
  • 51. Phil Jones Associates sustainable transport solutions
  • 52. Staffordshire CC standards (2000) Phil Jones Associates sustainable transport solutions
  • 53. Phil Jones Associates sustainable transport solutions
  • 54. Phil Jones Associates sustainable transport solutions
  • 55. Quality Audits    Quality Audits introduced in MfS1 - a ‘Balanced Audit’ reviewing key aspects of a design against set objectives    Some authorities (eg Kent, Solihull) have taken the concept further    CIHT working towards a guidance note on Quality Audits. Policy Review Objective Setting Design Quality Auditing Phil Jones Associates sustainable transport solutions
  • 56. Car Parking Parking solutions should not dominate the scheme, and should be carefully considered to reduce the impact of parking spaces on the character and layout of the development. The Taylor Review. Phil Jones Associates sustainable transport solutions
  • 57. Car parking - key principles    No single best solution to providing car parking.    A combination of solutions will often be appropriate    “Rediscover the street as a beautiful car park”    On-street parking is efficient, understandable and can increase vitality and safety    Rear courtyards need to support on-street parking, not replace it. Phil Jones Associates sustainable transport solutions
  • 58. Phil Jones Associates sustainable transport solutions
  • 59. Phil Jones Associates sustainable transport solutions
  • 60. Phil Jones Associates sustainable transport solutions
  • 61. Efficiency of types of parking Level of efficiency/ Type of parking Comments flexibility On-street (communal) Most efficient as High parking spaces are shared and the street provides the means of accessing the spaces. Off-street communal Requires additional access and circulation space. Off-street allocated Although more spaces but grouped inflexible, this arrangement allows the potential for future changes in allocation. Off-street allocated Inflexible, and largely garages but grouped precludes shared use. Also security concerns. Off-street within Inflexible in perpetuity individual dwelling and more space curtilage consuming due to need Low for driveways. Garages within individual dwelling curtilage Phil Jones Associates sustainable transport solutions
  • 62. Tricky Issues - Adoption    Highway Authority can refuse to adopt due to concerns over geometry and maintenance issues –    visibility splays, radii, carriageway widths    materials, street trees and planting, sustainable drainage...etc.    Solutions –    Development of protocols for collaborative working with highways officers    Continuous learning from experience    Development of better standards Phil Jones Associates sustainable transport solutions
  • 63. Tricky Issues – Level Surface Streets    Concerns of visually-impaired/vulnerable people over ‘shared space’ designs has extended to very lightly-trafficked streets.    Solutions – recognition of pros and cons of level surfaces, close dialogue with relevant groups, appropriate traffic speeds and volumes. Phil Jones Associates sustainable transport solutions
  • 64. Phil Jones Associates sustainable transport solutions
  • 65. Phil Jones Associates sustainable transport solutions
  • 66. Phil Jones Associates sustainable transport solutions
  • 67. Phil Jones Associates sustainable transport solutions
  • 68. Phil Jones Associates sustainable transport solutions
  • 69. Phil Jones Associates sustainable transport solutions
  • 70. Phil Jones Associates sustainable transport solutions
  • 71. Phil Jones Associates sustainable transport solutions
  • 72. “The quality of the public realm (streets, squares and open space) generally does not reflect the quality of the architectural heritage of Buxton town centre.” Buxton Design Strategy High Peak BC will work with Derbyshire CC to see that highway works, including the design and construction of new roads or highway improvements...reflect the Strategy as far as possible. This will be key to raising the quality of the public realm in the town centre. Phil Jones Associates sustainable transport solutions
  • 73. Discussion Points - Geometry - Materials - Parking - Level Surface Streets - Trees and Planting Phil Jones Associates sustainable transport solutions
  • 74. Geometry Phil Jones Associates sustainable transport solutions
  • 75. Straight and Bendy Streets – Fronts and Backs Phil Jones Associates sustainable transport solutions
  • 76. Straight(ish) streets vs bendy streets Phil Jones Associates sustainable transport solutions
  • 77. Phil Jones Associates sustainable transport solutions
  • 78. Phil Jones Associates sustainable transport solutions
  • 79. Shepton Mallett Phil Jones Associates sustainable transport solutions
  • 80. Phil Jones Associates sustainable transport solutions
  • 81. Poundbury Phil Jones Associates sustainable transport solutions
  • 82. Phil Jones Associates sustainable transport solutions
  • 83. Phil Jones Associates sustainable transport solutions
  • 84. Junction Geometry - Kirby Lonsdale Phil Jones Associates sustainable transport solutions
  • 85. Lincolnshire Phil Jones Associates sustainable transport solutions
  • 86. The Hoplands, Sleaford Phil Jones Associates sustainable transport solutions
  • 87. The Hoplands, Sleaford Phil Jones Associates sustainable transport solutions
  • 88. Ingress Park Phil Jones Associates sustainable transport solutions
  • 89. Materials Phil Jones Associates sustainable transport solutions
  • 90. Poundbury Phil Jones Associates sustainable transport solutions
  • 91. Redruth Phil Jones Associates sustainable transport solutions
  • 92. Phil Jones Associates sustainable transport solutions
  • 93. Truro, Belvedere Phil Jones Associates sustainable transport solutions
  • 94. Shepton Mallett Phil Jones Associates sustainable transport solutions
  • 95. Ingress Park Phil Jones Associates sustainable transport solutions
  • 96. Parking Phil Jones Associates sustainable transport solutions
  • 97. Victoria Gardens, Camelford Phil Jones Associates sustainable transport solutions
  • 98. Phil Jones Associates sustainable transport solutions
  • 99. Victoria Gardens, Camelford Phil Jones Associates sustainable transport solutions
  • 100. Southwark Phil Jones Associates sustainable transport solutions
  • 101. Clay Lane Phil Jones Associates sustainable transport solutions
  • 102. The Hoplands, Sleaford Phil Jones Associates sustainable transport solutions
  • 103. Highfields, Bakewell Phil Jones Associates sustainable transport solutions
  • 104. Phil Jones Associates sustainable transport solutions
  • 105. Mortonhamstead Devon Phil Jones Associates sustainable transport solutions
  • 106. Phil Jones Associates sustainable transport solutions
  • 107. Phil Jones Associates sustainable transport solutions
  • 108. Phil Jones Associates sustainable transport solutions
  • 109. Phil Jones Associates sustainable transport solutions
  • 110. Level Surface Streets Phil Jones Associates sustainable transport solutions
  • 111. Broadclose, Bude Phil Jones Associates sustainable transport solutions
  • 112. Phil Jones Associates sustainable transport solutions
  • 113. Lime Tree Square, Street Phil Jones Associates sustainable transport solutions
  • 114. Mortonhampstead Phil Jones Associates sustainable transport solutions
  • 115. Trees and Planting Phil Jones Associates sustainable transport solutions
  • 116. Charlton Down, Dorset Phil Jones Associates sustainable transport solutions
  • 117. Sherbourne Phil Jones Associates sustainable transport solutions
  • 118. Newhall, Harlow Phil Jones Associates sustainable transport solutions
  • 119. Phil Jones Associates sustainable transport solutions
  • 120. Broadclose, Bude Phil Jones Associates sustainable transport solutions
  • 121. Phil Jones Associates sustainable transport solutions