The panel describes an ongoing project of the Values-in-Design Council to provide ethics input into the design of new Internet architectures through the National Science Foundation's Future Internet Architecture program. The Council works with five technical projects to identify values implications and intervene through methods like scenarios. Panelists will discuss challenges of operationalizing values in technical design processes.

1. 2/12/13 iConference 2013: Values Interventions: Ethics Scholarship in Action
VALUES INTERVENTIONS:
ETHICS SCHOLARSHIP IN
ACTION
Values-in-Design Council members:
• Michael Zimmer (Wisconsin-Milwaukee)
• Katie Shilton (Maryland-College Park)
• Finn Brunton (Michigan)
• Deirdre Mulligan (California-Berkeley)

2. 2/12/13 iConference 2013: Values Interventions: Ethics Scholarship in Action
Overview
• This panel describes an ongoing project to put
ethics scholarship in action: a values intervention
into the design of future Internet architectures.
• Panelists from the NSF-funded Future Internet
Architecture (FIA) Values-in-Design Council will
speak about efforts to introduce social and ethical
discussion into technical design practice, and the
methods and challenges of such values
interventions.

3. 2/12/13 iConference 2013: Values Interventions: Ethics Scholarship in Action
Agenda
• Michael Zimmer will introduce the Future Internet
Architecture projects and the role the Values-In-
Design Council has played as analysts and
consultants to the FIA projects
• Katie Shilton will detail an embedded intervention
with one of the five FIA projects: the Named Data
Networking project
• Finn Brunton will discuss the VID Council’s use of
“adversarial scenarios” as a means of intervention
with the FIA design teams
• Close with discussion of challenges of these values
interventions

4. 2/12/13 iConference 2013: Values Interventions: Ethics Scholarship in Action
Future Internet Architecture (FIA)
• NSF Directorate for Computer and Information
Science and Engineering (CISE) has formulated the
FIA program to stimulate innovative and creative
research to explore, design, and evaluate trustworthy
future Internet architectures
• Engage the research community in collaborative,
long-range, transformative thinking to design and
experiment with new network architectures and
networking concepts that take into consideration the
larger social, economic and legal issues that arise
from the interplay between the Internet and society.

5. 2/12/13 iConference 2013: Values Interventions: Ethics Scholarship in Action
Future Internet Architecture (FIA) Projects
• Named Data Network (NDN)
• By naming data instead of their locations, NDN transforms
data into a first-class entity. The current Internet secures the
data container. NDN secures the contents, a design choice
that decouples trust in data from trust in hosts, enabling
several radically scalable communication mechanisms such
as automatic caching to optimize bandwidth
• MobilityFirst
• Proposes an architecture centered on mobility as the norm,
rather than the exception. Dealing with mobility as a first
class entity allows functionalities like context – and location –
aware services to fit naturally into the network. The project
focuses on the tradeoffs between mobility and scalability and
on opportunistic use of network resources to achieve
effective communications among mobile endpoints

6. 2/12/13 iConference 2013: Values Interventions: Ethics Scholarship in Action
Future Internet Architecture (FIA) Projects
• NEBULA
• NEBULA is an architecture in which cloud computing
data centers are the primary repositories of data and the
primary locus of computation. In this future model, the
data centers are connected by a high-speed, extremely
reliable and secure backbone network. The project
focuses on developing new trustworthy data, control and
core networking approaches to support the emerging
cloud computing model of always-available network
services.

7. 2/12/13 iConference 2013: Values Interventions: Ethics Scholarship in Action
Future Internet Architecture (FIA) Projects
• eXpressive Internet Architecture (XIA)
• XIA addresses the growing diversity of network use models, the
need for trustworthy communication, and the growing set of
stakeholders who coordinate their activities to provide Internet
services. XIA addresses these needs by exploring the technical
challenges in creating a single network that offers inherent support
for communication between current communicating principals--
including hosts, content, and services--while accommodating
unknown future entities.
• ChoiceNet
• Architecture aims to give users more choices about which services
they use, and thereby make the Internet more flexible and efficient.
The project focuses on users being able to make choices about
which features and services they want to use, and which entities
they want to pay to provide those services (“vote with their wallet”),
which will drive innovation among service providers to cater to user
needs

8. 2/12/13 iConference 2013: Values Interventions: Ethics Scholarship in Action
Values-in-Design Council
• The Values-in-Design Council is an NSF-funded multi-
disciplinary team of experts in values-in-design who work
alongside the four recipients of the FIA grants
• Values-In-Design?
• Recognizing that architecture and design features may be
systematically related to political, social, ethical values, such as
security, privacy, freedom, autonomy, etc
• Pragmatic intervention that places ethical and political values on
the same plane of importance alongside technical and functional
specifications and constraints.
• Flanagan, M., Howe, D., & Nissenbaum, H. (2008). Values in Design:
Theory and Practice. In J. van den Hoven (Ed.), Information Technology and
Moral Philosophy (pp. 322–353). Cambridge University Press.
• Friedman, B. (2004). Value sensitive design. In Encyclopedia of Human-
computer Interaction (pp. 769–774). Berkshire Publishing Group.

9. 2/12/13 iConference 2013: Values Interventions: Ethics Scholarship in Action
Values-in-Design Council
• Serve as analysts and consultants to the FIA
projects, helping to identify junctures in the
design process in which values-critical technical
decisions arise
• locating design parameters and variations that
differentially call into play relevant values
• developing rich conceptual understandings of relevant
values
• operationalizing values to enable transition from values
conceptions into design features
• examining the interplay of values embodied in design
with respective values embodied in law and policy

10. 2/12/13 iConference 2013: Values Interventions: Ethics Scholarship in Action
Values-in-Design Council: Members
• Yochai Benkler, Harvard Law School
• Geoffrey Bowker, School of Information Science, University of Pittsburgh
• Finn Brunton, School of Information, University of Michigan
• Paul Dourish, Department of Information and Computer Science, UC Irvine
• Batya Friedman, The Information School, University of Washington
• Alexander Galloway, Department of Media, Culture & Communication, NYU
• Tarleton Gillespie, Department of Communication, Cornell University
• James Grimmelmann, New York Law School
• Chris Hoofnagle, Center for Law & Technology, UC Berkeley
• Deborah Johnson, Department of Science, Technology & Society, University of Virginia
• Deirdre Mulligan, School of Information, UC Berkeley
• Helen Nissenbaum (PI), Department of Media, Culture & Communication, NYU
• Paul Ohm, University of Colorado Law School, University of Colorado at Boulder
• Phoebe Sengers, Department of Information Science and S&TS, Cornell University
• Luke Stark (RA), Department of Media, Culture & Communication, NYU
• Michael Zimmer, School of Information Studies, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee

11. 2/12/13 iConference 2013: Values Interventions: Ethics Scholarship in Action
Values-in-Design Council: Activities
• Meetings with FIA design teams focusing on privacy
& security, economics and industry viability,
architecture comparisons, and evaluations & proof of
concepts
• Meetings were highly technical, but VID Council
members welcomed to engage in discussions, pose
questions and scenarios, assist in identification and
evaluation of emergent ethical and social concerns
• New round of funding announced for “next phase” to
build prototype systems
• “The project team is also encouraged to include experts in
social, economic and legal issues such as, but not limited to,
experts in values in design”

12. 2/12/13 iConference 2013: Values Interventions: Ethics Scholarship in Action
Agenda
• Michael Zimmer will introduce the Future Internet
Architecture projects and the role the Values-In-
Design Council has played as analysts and
consultants to the FIA projects
• Katie Shilton will detail an embedded intervention
with one of the five FIA projects: the Named Data
Networking project
• Finn Brunton will discuss the VID Council’s use of
“adversarial scenarios” as a means of intervention
with the FIA design teams
• Close with discussion of challenges of these values
interventions

13. 2/12/13 iConference 2013: Values Interventions: Ethics Scholarship in Action
Challenges for Values-in-Design
• Recognizing and identifying the particular values
at play within a given design scenario
• Justifying a particular set of values over others
• Managing the values assumptions and
expectations of the designers themselves
• Complexities and uncertainties of operationalizing
values within design variables
• Manders-Huits, N., & Zimmer, M. (2009). Values &
Pragmatic Action: The Challenges of Engagement with
Technical Design Communities. International Review of
Information Ethics, 10, 37–44.