5 Slides combined from other recourses to make one slide

1. Depression in Teenagers
W H AT ?
W H Y?
HOW

2. What is Depression?
According to MediLexicon's Medical Dictionary, depression is "a
mental state or chronic mental disorder characterized by
feelings of sadness, loneliness, despair, low self-esteem,
and self-reproach.
Identifying Causes
Causes could be biological or emotional. Any of life’s
challenges, major events and activities can trigger
Depression, i.e., abuse, medications, conflicts, death, serious
illness/terminal diseases, substance abuse, divorce, personal
problems and challenges, and genetics.

3. Depression has become a prevalent mental disease in our
world today. No one is immune from its attack. It does not
discriminate on the basis of race, religion, nationality, age or sex.
Millions are affected. Yet, there is hope.
Although many may already be suffering from depression, a major
trigger is our current economic situation . This is what prompted
MWwM to launch this bible study series to provide help and hope
to the many individuals and families that are deeply affected by
depression.
Ironically, depression is not a new illness; it’s ancient. In fact, it
affected persons in the bible long before Christ. We can learn how
to overcome it by the power of God’s word, if you would believe and
receive God’s word like a “medicine” into your mind, body and soul
(spirit).

4. Biblical Examples
Job, Jonah, Jeremiah, Elijah, David, Judas Iscariot.
Job’s depression was caused by a calamity of events, sickness, death of
his children, loss all of his possessions, and friends that questioned his
character (Job 17:1-16).
Jeremiah’s depression is notable in the Book of Lamentation because
of his opposition and the rebellion of God’ s people.
Elijah became depressed after his Mt. Carmel victory, which enraged
Jezebel and he began feeling all alone and wanted to die (I Kings
19:1-5)
David- gets depressed because he is overwhelmed by constant
harassment from his enemies (Ps. 143).

5. Affects of Depressions
Depression zaps a person’s energy and take a great
deal of time out of one’s life. It’s affects become
more intensive as the depression deepens. A person
becomes more withdrawn and it becomes more
difficult for others to communicate with the
individual. Consequently, if the person’s mental
state does not change, the person can lose the
desire to face reality, or continue living. At this
point, the “spirit” of depression has taken full
control. But, nothing is impossible for the
All-powerful One to overcome.

6. Symptoms of Depression
Sleep: decrease/increase in sleep
Eating: significant loss/gain in weight
Interest: loss of interest in previously enjoyed activities
Fatigue: loss of energy
Concentration: indecisiveness and/or difficulty concentrating and irritability
Self-worth: feelings of worthlessness or guilt
Death: repeated thoughts about death, suicide (with or without a plan) or a
suicide attempt
Mood: depressed mood noticed by others
Motor activity: noticeable agitation in activity, including aches and pains

7. Symptoms of Depression
cont’d.
The teen experiences five or more of these
symptoms in a two-week period
These symptoms are severe enough to impair
the teen’s work, school and/or personal life
These symptoms are not due to other
factors such as substance abuse or health
problems (such as thyroid disease)

8. Symptoms of Depression
cont’d.
When moving from childhood to adolescence
the teenager will present a lot of changes in
behavior. These include eating more,
sleeping more, withdrawing from parents for
time with peers, etc. These changes are
normal and healthy! But when such changes
are coupled with others from the symptom
list and appear to impair aspects of the
teen’s life, the guardian/practitioner should
seek consultation.

9. Causes

10. Societal Disconnection
• In boys depression may
be affected by early
disconnection
• External: Life’s stresses
affect serotonin levels
• Shame
• Examples are trauma,
illness, loss and exercise • Boy code
• Gender straitjacketing

11. Relationship related
depression
• Also external
• Poor social support
• Tenuous family
connections
• rejection

12. Explanation of organic
( Internal)
• People vary in MAO
• A change in electrical
levels, so some need
potential between cells
higher transmitter levels
• Dopamine, norepinephrine • Type R
• Serotonin • Alcoholic
• Anxious
• Transfer between cells • May need need more
and broken down by MAO
chemical transmission

13. Another Theory
• Some may have small
• There may be differences
numbers of D2 and D4
in brain receptors and
dopamine receptors
their levels of stimulation
required
• Excitement may be
needed to increase
• This may exist for many
dopamine levels in low
types of neuroreceptors
numbered folks

15. Depression, an indistinct
meaning
Dysthymia (mild)
Major depression( more
problematic)
Bipolar Depression ( Mania)

16. Common • Emotional
Symptoms • Feeling sad and hopeless
• Irritable and anxious
Most Common:TYPES OF • Loss of interest in what you used to enjoy
DEPRESSION
• Guilt, and shame
Major Depression, also
known as clinical depression • Death & suicidal thoughts
• Physical
ChronicDepression, also
know dysthymia • Headache & Back pain
• Appetite / weight change
Manic Depression, also known
as bipolar (disorder) • Sleeping problems
depression
• Chest pain & Joint aches
Seasonal Depression, also • Digestive problems
known as SAD (Seasonal
Affective Disorder)

17. Usually Depression diagnosis
requires 4 of following
Depressed mood
Weight loss or gain
Sleep disturbances These criteria are mostly used in
Agitation women and adults
Loss of energy
Guilt
Trouble concentrating
Suicidal thoughts

18. Types of Depression
Seasonal Affective Disorder
Major Depressive Disorder
Bipolar Depression
Chronic Depression (Dysthymia)
Atypical
Psychotic
Postpartum Depression

19. Bipolar Disorder
psychiatric diagnosis that describes a category of
mood disorders, or mood swings, defined by the presence of one or mor
mania or, if milder,
hypomania. Individuals who experience manic episodes also commonly ex
depressive episodes or symptoms, or
mixed episodes in which features of both mania and depression are pre
mood, but in some individuals, depression and mania may rapidly alterna
rapid cycling. Extreme manic episodes can sometimes lead to
psychotic symptoms such as delusions and
hallucinations. The disorder has been subdivided into
bipolar I, bipolar II,
cyclothymia, and other types, based on the nature and severity of moo
bipolar spectrum.

20. Major depression
• mental disorder characterized by a pervasive low mood, low
self-esteem, and
loss of interest or pleasure in normally enjoyable activities. The term "
American Psychiatric Association for this
symptom cluster under
mood disorders in the 1980 version of the
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III) classif
depressed mood, more precise terminology is preferred in clinical and r
suicide, and up to 60% of all people who commit suicide have depressio

21. Dysthymia
chronic
mood disorder that falls within the
depression spectrum. It is considered a chronic depression, but with less sev
major depressive disorder. This disorder tends to be a chronic, long-lasting
[1] Dysthymia is a type of low-grade depression. Harvard Health Publication
symptoms than major depression but lasts longer.” Harvard Health Publicati
psychiatric disorder such as one of the anxiety disorders,
drug addiction, or
alcoholism”. The Primary Care Journal says that dysthymia “affects approxi

22. Treat the symptoms-
Not the label!!!

23. Biblical Methods to Help Overcome Depression
Talk it Out” – being able to talk to yourself, God, or someone
else (preferably a counselor).
Journal it Out- writing can be a form of expression and
therapeutic for depression before it intensifies. I encourage
people to journal.
Pray it Through – Seek the Lord’s help by talking to God,
believing and trusting that He hears you and will intervene by
rescuing your soul from the “spirit” of depression. Pour out your
soul to Him! Read the Gospels how Jesus prayed as it was time to
be crucified; depression was upon him (Matt. 26:36-38)
Praise & Worship- David was a praiser and a worshiper.
Praise is what he did. So when nothing worked; he praised; he
song; he played his harp. (READ THE BOOK OF PSALMS)
***In no way are these meant to be substitutes for professional
counseling and care. ***

24. Review and Discussion
1. Meditate on Psalms 41:1-13; 42:1-11. What
similarities are there that suggest
depression?
2. Consider your life; do you recognize
symptoms of depression? If so, how are you
handling?
3. Biblical examples show us that even
Christians can get depressed. From the
biblical examples, how did they deal with
their depression?
4. Who in the New Testament suffered major
depression to the point of suicide? Why?

25. Treatments
Medication
Psychotherapy (Individual, Group and/or
Family)
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
Residential Programs
Hospitalization

26. Medications
• Some antidepressants (and antipsychotics-
often used for mood stabilization) are approved
for use by patients under the age of 18.
• Medication alone is significantly less effective
for treating depression than combination
treatments.
• While many medications have been proven to
be effective in decreasing symptoms of
depression, there are risks and side-effects
that teens appear to be particularly
susceptible to.

27. Black Label Warning

28. Powerful Living Bible Study Series
God’s Power is Limitless
To Help and Heal
Anxiety
•
Summary and Introduction
• Anger • Fear
• Depression • Frustration
• Powerlessness
Disclaimer: The lessons, information, and links at this site are intended for
biblical teaching and educational purposes and should not be construed as
medical advice or instruction. In no way are any of these teachings meant
to be a substitute for professional medical care or counseling.
Text: God's Power to Help Hurting People, Publisher: Urban Ministries (c)2003; Editor: Dr. Colleen Birchett;
(c)2009 Queen Phillips, Majestic Worldwide Ministries, Inc.

29. Scriptural Basis & Introduction
In John 16:33 Jesus said, “I have told you these things, so that in Me you may
have [perfect] peace and confidence. In the world you have tribulation and trials
and distress and frustration; but be of good cheer [take courage; be confident,
certain, undaunted]! For I have overcome the world. [I have deprived it of power
to harm you and have conquered it for you.]” (AMP)
There’s absolutely nothing that can overtake us if we put our TOTAL trust and confidence in Him
and obey the Word.
Consequently, these lessons are designed to teach you how to embrace the power of God that’s
available in the Person of the Holy Spirit. He will empower you to handle and overcome anxiety,
anger, depression, frustration, and feeling powerless during this economic downturn.
The truth is what Jesus told His disciples over 2000 years ago are applicable today. Do you believe
it? Do you want help? Would like to experience the compassion of the One who created you in His
image and likeness?
If so, you’re at a good place to begin the healing process. We’ll focus on six (6) emotions that are
most common during stressful and challenging times. It is my prayer that you receive the
encouragement for which this series is purposed.

30. ACTION
PRAYER:
Father, thank you for being concerned about every area of
my life because it’s your desire for me to in peace and
abundance here on Earth. I need you to help me. I confess
that I am subject to becoming depressed; therefore, I’m
asking that you give me the strength to overcome it in my life
and the life of my family. I refuse to allow the spirit of
depression to overtake me or my family in Jesus’ name. I will
arise with fresh excitement and a fresh zeal for life. I
surrender my all to you, and trust your sovereignty to handle
life’s challenges for my good, even when it appears the worst
is happening. I will meditate on your word; believe and
receive your power and unconditional love, grace and mercy
to carry me and my families through any situation. Thank
you, Father. In Jesus’ name. Amen

31. CBT for Depression
• Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is an effective
treatment for depression.
• Generally speaking, persons with mild or moderate
depression can benefit from CBT, even without
taking medication.
• Studies have demonstrated that CBT can be as
effective as antidepressants in treating mild and
moderate depression.
• Studies have also demonstrated that a combination
therapy of antidepressants and CBT can be
effective in treating Major Depressive Disorder
(MDD).

32. • CBT theory supports that a person's mood is directly related to
their thought patterns. Negative thoughts affect a person's
mood, sense of self, behavior, and even physical state.
• The goal of cognitive behavioral therapy is to help a person
learn to recognize their negative thought patterns, assess how
true they really are, and replace them with healthier ways of
thinking.
• In addition, therapists also help their patients change behavior
patterns that are directly linked to their negative thinking.
Negative thoughts and behaviors make a vulnerable person more
susceptible to depression.
• CBT seeks to change patterns of thought and behavior and thus
impact mood.

33. • CBT for depression focuses on:
• Cognitive restructuring (therapist and patient work together to change thinking
patterns) and behavioral activation( patients learn to overcome obstacles to
participating in enjoyable activities).
• The immediate present- what and how a person thinks more than why a person
thinks that way.
• Specific problems- problem behaviors and problem thinking are identified, prioritized,
and specifically addressed.
• Goal setting behavior-patients are asked to define goals for each session and long-
term goals too.
• Education- the use of structured learning experiences teach patients to monitor and
write down their negative thoughts and images. The goal is to recognize how those
thoughts and images affect their mood, behavior, and physical condition. Therapists
also teach important coping skills, such as problem solving and scheduling pleasurable
experiences.
• Homework assignments- patients must take an active role in learning, both in the
session and between sessions. Homework is assigned at every session, can be graded
in the beginning, and the HW is reviewed reviewed at the start of the next session.
• Using many different techniques, including Socratic questioning, role playing, imagery,
guided discovery, and behavioral experiments.

34. Cognitive Restructuring
• Cognitive restructuring refers to the process of identifying and changing
inaccurate negative thoughts that contribute to the development of depression.
• This is done collaboratively between the patient and therapist, often in the form
of a dialogue. EXAMPLE: a college student fails a math quiz and responds "That
just proves I'm stupid.” The therapist might ask if that's really what the test
means. In order to help the student recognize the inaccuracy of the response,
the therapist could ask what the student's overall grade is in math. If the
student answers, "It's a B," the therapist can then point out that his answer
shows he's not stupid because he couldn't be stupid and get a B. Then together
they can explore ways to reframe what the performance on the quiz actually
says.
• "I'm stupid” is an example of an automatic thought. Patients with depression
may have automatic thoughts in response to certain situations. They're automatic
in that they're spontaneous, negatively evaluative, and don't come out of
deliberate thinking or logic. These are often underpinned by a negative or
dysfunctional assumption that is guiding the way patients view themselves, the
situation, or the world around them.

35. Practitioners should
educate parents on data
collection. Data should be
collected before, during and
after any medication
changes!

36. Psychotherapy
There are many different approaches to
therapy. Parents are encouraged to gather
research on what type of therapy has been
most effective for what their teen is facing.
Psychotherapy may be beneficial if family
conflict is lending to the depression. School
psychologists may help if the environment at
school is influencing the teen’s health.

37. Cognitive Behavioral
Therapy (CBT)
Based on the theory that thoughts and
observable behaviors are directly related to
mood. If changes are made to patterns of
thought and behavior, changes will follow in
the mood pattern of the patient.
Focuses on what a person is thinking, as
opposed to why they think the way they do.
Goal-oriented and focuses on specific
problems.

38. CBT cont’d.
Employs multiple strategies such as role-
playing and guided imagery.
Coping skills and problem solving strategies
are taught to the patient. CBT is
considered educational as well as
therapeutic and patients are to take an
active role.
Uses behavioral approaches to reinforce
activities that were previously enjoyed by
and beneficial for the teen.

39. Continue to take data on any changes
in target behaviors to determine the
effectiveness of any treatment.

40. Residential &
Hospitalization
Teens suffering from severe depression may
require more supervision and structure.
Suicide is the third leading cause of death
for American teens.

41. Referencing
http://www.befrienders.org/
http://www.wingofmadness.com/
Multiple books by Dr. Kay Redfield Jamison
http://www.twloha.com
National Hopeline Network 1-800-SUICIDE
(Pollock,W) Variation by age , sex and culture
Accrding to Pollock, 3.5 million children < 19 are depressed
Alli s o n R e i d
S p ald i n g U n i ve rs i ty

42. (Disclaimer: These are only resource links for your convenience. I am
not affiliated with these organizations or business entities, and
cannot be held liable for their content. The information/content on
the websites or books does not necessarily represent the views or
beliefs of Majestic Worldwide Ministries, Inc.
http://health.yahoo.com/depression-videos/what-is-depressi
http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/8933.php
http://www.hartinstitute.com
http://www.aacc.net