1. Program Galus Sains SPM SMK Kuala Pegang 2009
Kemahiran Saintifik -Mengeksperimen
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SECTION C- QUESTION 10
BAHAGIAN C- SOALAN 10
Steps in answering
Panduan menjawab
You will be given a statement in a box.
Find Manipulated Variable and Responding Variable in the statement given
Anda akan diberi satu pernyataan di dalam satu kotak.
Kenalpasti Pembolehubah Manipulasi dan Pembolehubah Bergerakbalas di dalam
pernyataan yang diberi
Example:
Contoh:
Impurities increases the boiling point of pure substances
Bendasing meningkatkan takat didih bahan tulen
Manipulated variable Responding variable
Pembolehubah manipulasi Pembolehubah bergerakbalas
(a) Hypothesis Relationship between Manipulated Variable and Responding
Hypothesis Variable
Hubungan antara Pembolehubah Manipulasi dan
Pembolehubah Bergerakbalas
1 mark
(b)(i) Aim To study the effect of MV on RV
Tujuan Untuk mengkaji kesan MV ke atas RV
1 mark
(ii) Variable
Pembolehubah
Constant
Dimalarkan
Manipulated
Dimanipulasikan
Responding
Bergerakbalas
2 marks
(iii) Apparatus and Write only the important apparatus and materials
materials Hanya tulis radas dan bahan yang penting sahaja
Radas dan bahan 1 mark
(iv) Procedure Draw diagram which are labelled
Kaedah Lukis rajah yang dilabel
Write about:
Tulis berkenaan:
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2. Program Galus Sains SPM SMK Kuala Pegang 2009
Kemahiran Saintifik -Mengeksperimen
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(i) Constant variable
Pembolehubah malar
(ii) Manipulated variable
Pembolehubah manipulasi
(iii) If the result cannot be obtained after conducting the
experiment.
Remember to write:
The apparatus are left for ...........days
Jika keputusan tidak dapat diperoleh selepas
menjalankan eksperimen.
Ingat untuk menulis:
Radas dibiarkan selama ..................hari
(iv) Responding variable
Pembolehubah bergerak balas
3 / 4
marks
(v) Tabulation of data 1. Must draw table
Penjadualan data Mesti lukis jadual
2. In table must have:
(a) Manipulated and responding variable on the title of
the table
(b) Write manipulated data
Dalam jadual mesti ada:
(a) Pembolehubah manipulasi dan bergerakblas dalam
tajuk jadual
(b) Menulis data manipulasi
Example:
Manipulated variable Responding Variable
Pembolehubah manipulasi Pembolehubah
bergerakbalas
Manipulated data Leave blank
Data Manipulasi Tinggalkan kosong
1 mark
(vi) Conclusion Write the conclusion of the experiment
Rumusan Tuliskan rumusan eksperimen
1 mark
2

3. Program Galus Sains SPM SMK Kuala Pegang 2009
Kemahiran Saintifik -Mengeksperimen
_______________________________________________________________________
_
1 Study the following statement.
Kaji pernyataan berikut:
Impurities increases the boiling point of pure substances
Bendasing meningkatkan takat didih bahan tulen
Manipulated variable Responding variable
Pembolehubah manipulasi Pembolehubah bergerakbalas
(a) Suggest one hypothesis to investigate the above statement.
Cadangkan satu hipotesis untuk menyiasat pernyataan di atas.
[ 1 mark ]
(b) Using salt, distilled water and other apparatus describe an experiment to
test your hypothesis in 1(a) based on the following criteria:
Menggunakan garam, air suling dan radas lain, huraikan satu eksperimen
Untuk menguji hipotesis anda di 1(a) berdasarkan kriteria berikut:
(i) Aim of experiment
Tujuan eksperimen [ 1 mark ]
(ii) Identification of variables
Pengenalpastian pembolehubah [ 2 marks ]
(iii) List of apparatus and materials
Senarai radas dan bahan [ 1 mark ]
(iv) Procedure or method
Prosedur atau kaedah [ 4 marks ]
(v) Tabulation of data
Penjadualan data [ 1 mark ]
Answer
Jawapan
(a) Hypothesis Impurities increases the boiling point of pure substances or
Hipotesis Bendasing meningkatkan takat didih bahan tulen atau
The presence of salt increases the boiling point of distilled water
Kehadiran garam meningkatkan takat didih air suling
[ 1 mark ]
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4. Program Galus Sains SPM SMK Kuala Pegang 2009
Kemahiran Saintifik -Mengeksperimen
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Aim To study the effect of impurities/ salt on the boiling point of
distilled water
Untuk mengkaji kesan bendasing/ garam ke atas takat didh
air suling [ 1 mark ]
Variables
Pembolehubah
(a) Constant Volume/Amount/Quantity of distilled water
}
Malar Isipadu/ Jumlah/Kuantiti air suling [ 1 mark ]
Max 2
(b) Manipulated The Presence of salt
marks
Manipulasi Kehadiran garam [ 1 mark ]
(c) Responding Boiling point of distilled water [ 1 mark ]
Bergerakbalas Takat didih air suling
[ 1 mark ]
Apparatus and Distilled water, salt, beaker, bunsen burner, thermometer
material Air suling, garam, penunu bunsen, termometer
Radas dan bahan [ 1 mark ]
Procedure
Prosedur
Thermometer
termometer
Beaker
bikar Distilled water
Air suling
Heat
Panaskan
1. Pour distilled into a beaker until it is half full.
Tuangkan air suling ke dalam bikar sehingga separuh penuh
[ 1 mark ]
}
2. Heat the water until it boils.
Panaskan sehingga mendidih. [ 1 mark ]
3. When the water boils, record the temperature.
Apabila air mendidih, rekod suhu air.
4. Two spatulas of salt are added into the distilled water and
the mixture is heated again.
Dua spatula garam ditambah ke dalam air suling dan
campuran dipanaskan semula.
[ 1 mark ]
5. The temperature of the boiling mixture of water and salt
is recorded.
Suhu campuran air suling dan garam direkodkan.
[ 1 mark ]
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5. Program Galus Sains SPM SMK Kuala Pegang 2009
Kemahiran Saintifik -Mengeksperimen
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Tabulation of data
Penjadualan data The Presence of salt Boiling point of distilled water (oC)
Kehadiran garam Takat didih air suling (oC)
Absent
Tiada
Present
Ada
1 mark
Conclusion The presence of impurities increases the boiling point of distilled
Rumusan water.
Kehadiran bendasing meningkatkan takat didih air suling
2 Study the following statement.
Kaji pernyataan berikut:
The thickness of convex lens influence its focal length
Ketebalan kanta cembung mempengaruh jarak fokusnya
Manipulated variable Responding variable
Pembolehubah manipulasi Pembolehubah bergerakbalas
(a) Suggest one hypothesis to investigate the above statement.
Cadangkan satu hipotesis untuk menyiasat pernyataan di atas.
[ 1 mark ]
(b) Using convex lens with different thickness and other apparatus describe
an experiment to test your hypothesis in 2(a) based on the
following criteria:
Menggunakan kanta cembung yang berlainan ketebalan dan radas lain,
huraikan satu eksperimen untuk menguji hipotesis anda di 2(a)
berdasarkan kriteria berikut:
(i) Aim of experiment
Tujuan eksperimen [ 1 mark ]
(ii) Identification of variables
Pengenalpastian pembolehubah [ 2 marks ]
(iii) List of apparatus and materials
Senarai radas dan bahan [ 1 mark ]
(iv) Procedure or method
Prosedur atau kaedah [ 4 marks ]
(v) Tabulation of data
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6. Program Galus Sains SPM SMK Kuala Pegang 2009
Kemahiran Saintifik -Mengeksperimen
_______________________________________________________________________
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Penjadualan data [ 1 mark ]
Answer
Jawapan
Hypothesis The thicker the convex lens, the shorter the focal length.
Hypotesis Semakin tebal kanta cembung, semakin pendek jarak fokus.
Aim To study the effect of the thickness of convex lens on its focal length
Tujuan Untuk mengkaji kesan ketebalan kanta cembung ke atas jarak
fokusnya.
Variables: Size of convex lens
(a) Constant Saiz kanta cembung
Malar
(b) Manipulated Thickness of convex lens
Manipulasi Ketebalan kanta cembung
(c) Responding Focal length of convex lens
Bergerakbalas Jarak fokus kanta cembung
Apparatus and Convex lenses with different thickness, metre rule, white screen,
materials (lens holder)
Radas dan kanta cembung berlainan ketebalan, pembaris meter, skrin putih,
bahan (pemegang kanta)
Procedure
Prosedur
Convex lens screen
Kanta cembung
skrin
Rays from distance object
Sinar dari objek jauh
focal length
Jarak fokus
1. The apparatus is set up as shown in the diagram.
Radas disediakan seperti rajah.
2. The lens is directed at a distant object.
Kanta diarah ke objek jauh.
3. The screen is adjusted until a sharp image forms on the
screen.
Skrin diselaraskan sehingga imej yang tajam terbentuk
ke atas skrin.
4. The distance between the lens and the screen is measured.
Jarak antara kanta dan skrin diukur.
5. The experiment is repeated using another convex lens with a
different thickness.
Eksperimen diulang menggunakan kanta cembung lain yang
berlainan ketebalan.
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7. Program Galus Sains SPM SMK Kuala Pegang 2009
Kemahiran Saintifik -Mengeksperimen
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Tabulation of Thickness of the lens Focal length(cm)
data Ketebalan kanta Jarak focus (cm)
Penjadualan Thin
data Nipis
Moderate
Sederhana
Thick
Tebal
Conclusion The thicker the convex lens, the shorter the focal length.
Rumusan Semakin tebal kanta cembung, semakin pendek jarak fokus
3 Study the following statement.
Kaji pernyataan berikut:
Temperature influence bacterial growth
Suhu mempengaruh pertumbuhan bakteria
Manipulated variable Responding variable
Pembolehubah manipulasi Pembolehubah bergerakbalas
(a) Suggest one hypothesis to investigate the above statement.
Cadangkan satu hipotesis untuk menyiasat pernyataan di atas.
[ 1 mark ]
(b) Using nutrient agar, bacteria culture (Bacillus subtilis) and other
apparatus describe an experiment to test your hypothesis in 3(a)
based on the following criteria:
Menggunakan agar-agar nutrien, kultur bakteria (Bacillus subtilis) dan
radas lain, huraikan satu eksperimen untuk menguji hipotesis
anda di 3(a) berdasarkan kriteria berikut:
(i) Aim of experiment
Tujuan eksperimen [ 1 mark ]
(ii) Identification of variables
Pengenalpastian pembolehubah [ 2 marks ]
(iii) List of apparatus and materials
Senarai radas dan bahan [ 1 mark ]
(iv) Procedure or method
Prosedur atau kaedah [ 4 marks ]
(v) Tabulation of data
Penjadualan data [ 1 mark ]
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8. Program Galus Sains SPM SMK Kuala Pegang 2009
Kemahiran Saintifik -Mengeksperimen
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_
Hypothesis Bacteria grows and reproduces quickly at room temperature
Hipotesis but not at low or high temperature
Bakteria tumbuh dan membiak dengan cepat pada suhu bilik
tetapi tidak pada suhu rendah atau tinggi.
Aim To study the effect of temperature on the growth of bakteria
Tujuan Untuk mengkaji kesan suhu ke atas pertumbuhan bakteria
Variables
Pembolehubah
(a) Constant Volume of nutrient agar//Type of bacteria
Dimalarkan Isipadu agar-agar nutrient// Jenis bakteria
(b) Manipulated Temperature
Dimanipulasikan Suhu
(c) Responding Number of bacterial colonies // Growth of bacteria
Bergerakbalas Bilangan koloni bakteria// Pertumbuhan bakteria
Material/Apparatus Sterile nutrient agar, bacteria culture (Bacillus subtilis), sterile
Bahan/Radas petri dishes and lids, (syringes), cellophane tape, refrigerator
and oven.
Agar-agar nutrien steril, kultur bakteria (Bacillus subtilis), petri
petri dan penutup steril, (picagari), (pita selofan), peti sejuk
dan oven
Procedure nutrient agar
Prosedur Agar-agar nutrien
A B C
Petri Petri
Dish dish
5oC Piring Room 80oC
petri temperature
Suhu bilik
(30oC)
1. Three sterile petri dishes containing sterile nutrient agar
are prepared and labeled A, B and C respectively.
Tiga piring petri steril yang mengandungi agar-agar nutrien
steril disediakan dan dilabel A, B dan C masing-masing.
2. (1cm3 of ) bacteria culture solution is added onto the agar
surface in each petri dish (by using a syringe).
(1cm3 of) kultur bakteria ditambah ke atas permukaan
agar-agar di dalam setiap piring petri (menggunakan
picagari)
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9. Program Galus Sains SPM SMK Kuala Pegang 2009
Kemahiran Saintifik -Mengeksperimen
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3. The petri dishes are covered with their lids and sealed
using cellophane tape
Piring-piring petri ditutup dengan penutup dan dilekat
menggunakan pita selofan
4. The petri dishes are inverted and placed as below
• Petri dish A in a refrigerator set at 5oC
• Petri dish B at room temperature (30oC)
• Petri dish C in an oven at 80oC
Pirng petri ditelangkupkan dan diletakkan seperti di bawah:
• Piring petri A di dalam peti sejuk pada suhu 5 oC
• Piring perti B pada suhu bilik 30oC
• Petri C di dalam peti sejuk pada suhu 80 oC
5. The petri dishes are left for two days.
Kesemua piring petri ditinggalkan selama dua hari.
6. The number of bacterial colonies are observed and
recorded.
Bilangan koloni bakteria diperhatikan dan direkodkan
Tabulation of data
Penjadualan data Temperature (oC) Number of bacterial colonies
o
Suhu( C) Bilangan koloni bakteria
5
30
80
Conclusion Bacteria grows and reproduces quickly at room temperature
but not temperatures that are too high or too low.
Bakteria tumbuh dan membiak dengan cepat pada suhu bilik
tetapi tidak pada suhu rendah atau tinggi.
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