1. Effectiveness of Treatments in Physical Therapy Megan Vogelsong

2. Active assist exercise Active resistive exercise Ultrasound Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) Iontophoresis 830 Laser Some types of PT Treatments

3. Help maintain joint flexibility & muscle strength Move limbs through normal or available range of motion Stretches Heal slides Effective, but needs consistency and possibly a longer treatment plan More effective in less severe cases Active Assist Exercise

4. Active Assist Exercise Heal Slides: -help with range of motion and strength in knee -1to 3 sets, 8 to 12 repetitions, multiple times per week -as strength increases, increase sets and repetitions

5. Increase strength of muscles & generate greater force Use of weights may be used in treatment Three steps: 1. perform a small number of repetitions until patient feels fatigue 2. allow sufficient rest between exercise for recovery 3. increase resistance as ability to generate force increases Active Resistive Exercise

6. Active Resistive Exercise Cont. Healthy people also use them to help increase athletic performance Decrease risk factors for osteoporosis Help regain strength Long-term benefits usually uncertain unless keep up with rehabilitation Pulmonary rehabilitation patients maintain benefits

7. Active Resistive Exercises Treatment gives reasonable improvement to some, especially elderly & is effective to many people, but more so in less severe cases Exercises can help improve osteoarthritis of knees in elderly Negatives: -Increase in muscle spasms -Increase in force required through healing tissues such as bones after fractures

8. Generates high frequency sound waves through a round-headed probe Sound waves travel deep into tissues and create mild heat Heat draws blood into tissues which delivers oxygen and nutrients while removing wastes from cells Reduces pain and inflammation Decrease muscle spasms Accelerate healing Ultrasound

9. Effectiveness on reducing pain is still questioned Tests conducted and none showed evidence of pain relief May still be effective if used more frequently and over a longer period of time Ultrasound Effectiveness

10. Ultrasound -gel is used on skin to help move probe and generate heat -different intensities -circular motions and waves produce tingling sensation -usually done for 3-5 minutes

11. Helps a specific injured area Used for muscle, joint, tendon, or nerve pain, inflammation, and many others Decreases muscle and joint tightness Decreases inflammation Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Simulation (TENS)

12. Compared to mechanically administered massages: 38% of patients felt a decrease in pain with massage 85% of patients saw improvements with stimulation Thus, stimulation is very effective TENS

13. TENS Treatment Surround affected area with four small electrode pads Pads hooked to device that sends a certain frequency of electrodes back and forth through the affected area

14. Very similar to TENS, but only uses two patches, one of which containing ion medication Administer medication deeper into tissues (1-3 cm) Safe and cost effective Conditions usually disappear in six or less treatments Used to treat inflammation, localized pain, fungal infections, small ulcers, calcium deposits, trigger points, and plantar warts Iontophoresis

15. Iontophoresis Cons: Small risk of tissue burns and blistering from high intensities or skin that was not cleaned properly Very Successful Treatment: Only takes about six treatments Can help severe cases Ion medication major plus Different ions for different situations

16. Iontophoresis

17. Newer advancement to PT Comparable to ultrasound, but no heat Reduces pain and decreases inflammation Regenerates tissues 90% effective rate in patients Thus, very effective treatment Will most likely be used for many more years in the future 830 Laser

18. 830 Laser -sends lights (photons) into injured tissues and stimulates healing while reducing pain instantly -photons stimulate and energize cells to repair and strengthen them at extremely fast rates -treatment does not wear off, but increases the body’s healing abilities

19. Most effective treatments: Active resistive exercises Stimulation (TENS) Iontophoresis 830 Laser Conclusion

20. -Depends on injury or disability -Depends on individual person -Some treatments may work great for some people while they may not work at all for others -Bright future for physical therapy with continued advancements in technology Conclusion Continued