It is one of the most common cancers in women after breast and cervix cancer. It is called a 'silent killer' as it is asymptomatic in early stages and 85 per cent of cases are diagnosed in the advanced stage. A woman's lifetime risk of dying from ovarian cancer is 2.1 percent.

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Ovarian Cancer Treatment in India: A woman's
lifetime risk of dying from ovarian cancer is 2.1
per cent.
Ovarian cancer is a type of cancer that
begins in the ovaries. Women have two
ovaries, one on each side of the uterus.
The ovaries - each about the size of an
almond - produce eggs (ova) as well as
the hormones estrogen, progesterone.
Ovarian cancer often goes undetected
until it has spread within the pelvis and
abdomen. At this late stage, ovarian
cancer is difficult to treat and is often
fatal.
Ovarian cancer is a type of cancer that begins in the ovaries. Women have two
ovaries, one on each side of the uterus. The ovaries — each about the size of an
almond — produce eggs (ova) as well as the hormones estrogen, progesterone
and testosterone. Ovarian cancer often goes undetected until it has spread
within the pelvis and abdomen. At this late stage, ovarian cancer is difficult to
treat and is often fatal.
What are the symptoms?
Symptoms of ovarian cancer are not specific to the disease, and they often
mimic those of many other more-common conditions, including digestive and
bladder problems. When ovarian cancer symptoms are present, they tend to be
persistent and worsen with time.
Ovarian Cancer Treatment in India: It is one of the most common cancers
in women after breast and cervix cancer. It is called a 'silent killer' as it is
asymptomatic in early stages and 85 per cent of cases are diagnosed in the

2. advanced stage. A woman's lifetime risk of dying from ovarian cancer is 2.1
percent.
What constitutes ovarian cancer?
It largely means tumours of epithelial
origin, but it can also arise from other
elements namely germ cells and
stroma. Epithelial ovarian cancers
typically occur in postmenopausal
women and are in advanced stage at
the time of diagnosis, whereas germ
cell tumours occur at a young age, are
detected in the early stages and are
completely curable.
How is it diagnosed?
Ultrasound : High-frequency sound waves are produced in order to get
precise images of the structures inside the body.

Blood Tests : CA 125 blood test is performed for those women who are
suspected of having ovarian cancer or previously had ovarian cancer. This blood
test helps in detecting a protein antigen that can be found at abnormally high
levels in the blood serum of those women who have ovarian cancer.

Positron Emission Tomographic Scan (PET) : This test helps in
defining those areas that altered blood supply and also helps in identifying
cancer.

CT scan :This helps in generating two dimensional images of the body
that may show whether the cancer has spread.

Mammography : Metastatic tumors can be ruled out with this test.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) : Magnetic energy is used for
generating highly detailed images of the anatomy such as tumors.

Are all ovarian masses cancers?
All masses in the ovary are not cancers. TVU helps distinguish benign from
malignant ovarian cysts. Complex cysts, defined as cysts with both solid and

3. cystic components, septations and echogenicity, are malignant and require
exploration. In contrast simple cysts that are thin walled, less than 5-10 cm and
without septations are usually benign.
Can we detect early?
Screening for ovarian cancer has not been successful as natural history of
ovarian cancer is not well understood. There is no well-defined precursor lesion
and the length of time from localised tumour to dissemination is unknown.
Multiple efforts are underway to develop effective screening methods. Pelvic
examination, CA 125, and TVU with Doppler are studied as screening methods
in high-risk individuals.
Is ovarian cancer genetic?
Around 5-10 per cent of patients carry
germline mutation. Breast-ovarian cancer
syndrome accounts for approximately 90 per
cent of hereditary ovarian cancer and is
suspected whenever there are multiple
affected family members with , bilateral or
early onset breast cancer, both breast and
ovarian cancer in the same individual, or a
male relative with breast cancer.
What are the treatment of Ovarian Cancer modalities?
Ovarian Cancer Treatment depends on the age, stage, tumour type and the
desire to preserve fertility. Surgery and chemotherapy is the mainstay of
treatment.
How do I prevent?
Chemoprevention is by oral contraceptives. Surgical prevention is by bilateral
oophorectomy, tubal ligation and hysterectomy. Risk-reducing bilateral
oophorectomy is strongly recommended in women who carry germline
mutation for hereditary ovarian cancer, because of high mortality of ovarian
cancer and lack of effective screening and preventive approaches.
Fortunately, risk of ovarian cancer does not rise dramatically until the late 30s
in women with germline mutation, so women have the opportunity to complete
their family prior to surgery. Since ovarian cancer is one of the common cancers

4. in women and there are no effective population screening methods, high index
of suspicion is necessary for early diagnosis. With the new trends in
chemotherapy, survival is increasing in ovarian cancer patients and awareness
is necessary among the public for seeking early medical attention.
Latest and Advanced Minimally Invasive Surgery for Ovarian Cancer in
India
Indian Hospitals gives
women with ovarian cancer
access to the latest in
cancer treatment. For
example, Indian surgeons
use fertility-sparing
surgery, minimally and
robotic surgery in select
cases, when app minimally
invasive surgery — also
called laparoscopic surgery
— for several conditions. In
minimally invasive
procedures, your doctor makes one or more incisions, each about a half-inch
long, to insert a tube. The number of incisions depends on the type of surgery.
The tube or tubes let the doctor slip in tiny video cameras and specially
designed surgical instruments to perform the procedure.
When you have minimally invasive surgery, you're likely to lose less blood and
have less postoperative pain, fewer and smaller scars, and a faster recovery
than you would after open surgery. Depending on your condition, you may need
only a short hospital stay. For some conditions, your doctor may recommend
robotic surgery. That technology gives your doctor great precision, flexibility
and control by providing a magnified, 3-D view of the surgical site.
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