1. Properties of Fluids for Fluid Mechanics P M V Subbarao Associate Professor Mechanical Engineering Department IIT Delhi Basic Steps to Design………….

3. Static Fluid For a static fluid Shear Stress should be zero. For A generalized Three dimensional fluid Element, Many forms of shear stress is possible.

4. One dimensional Fluid Element +X +  +Y u=0 u=U

6. Stress Tensor X Y Z  yy  zz  yz  yx  zx  zy  xx  xy  xz  xz

7. First Law of Pascal Proof ?

8. Simple Non-trivial Shape of A Fluid Element

16. Fluid Statics for Power Generation P M V Subbarao Associate Professor Mechanical Engineering Department IIT Delhi Steps for Design of Flow Devices………….

20. Pressure Variation for a Uniform-Density Fluid

23. Draft Required to Establish Air Flow Air in Flue as out

24. Natural Draft H chimney T atm T gas A B p A = p ref +  p Z ref

26. H chimney T atm T gas A B p A = p ref +  p Z ref, ,p ref

27. Pressure variations in Troposphere: Linear increase towards earth surface T ref & p ref are known at Z ref .  Adiabatic Lapse rate : 6.5 K/km

28. Reference condition: At Z ref : T=T ref & p = p ref

29. Pressure at A: Pressure variation inside chimney differs from atmospheric pressure. The variation of chimney pressure depends on temperature variation along Chimney. Temperature variation along chimney depends on rate of cooling of hot gas Due to natural convection. Using principles of Heat transfer, one can calculate, T gas (Z). If this is also linear: T = T ref,gas +   (Z ref -Z). Lapse rate of gas,  gas is obtained from heat transfer analysis.

31. Pressure Measurement

32. Pressure Measurement Pressure is an important variable in fluid mechanics and many instruments have been devised for its measurement. Many devices are based on hydrostatics such as barometers and manometers, i.e., determine pressure through measurement of a column (or columns) of a liquid using the pressure variation with elevation equation for an incompressible fluid.

35. Manometers U Tube Inverted U Tube Enlarged Leg Two Fluid Inclined Tube

36. Absolute, Gauge & Vacuum Pressures System Pressure Atmospheric Pressure Gauge Pressure Absolute Pressure Absolute zero pressure

37. Absolute, Gauge & Vacuum Pressures System Pressure Atmospheric Pressure Vacuum Pressure Absolute Pressure Absolute zero pressure

38. An important Property of A Fluid

39. Shear stress (  : Tangential force on per unit area of contact between solid & fluid