![[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)
Empfohlen
Weitere ähnliche Inhalte
Was ist angesagt?
Was ist angesagt? (18)
Andere mochten auch
Andere mochten auch (20)
Ähnlich wie The Pathway To Smoking Role Of Family, Peer And Environment In Shaping Adolescent Smoking Behavior
Ähnlich wie The Pathway To Smoking Role Of Family, Peer And Environment In Shaping Adolescent Smoking Behavior (20)
Mehr von PRN USM
Mehr von PRN USM (6)
Kürzlich hochgeladen
Kürzlich hochgeladen (20)
The Pathway To Smoking Role Of Family, Peer And Environment In Shaping Adolescent Smoking Behavior
- 1. SAIDATUL NORBAYA BUANG PUBLIC HEALTH PHYSICIAN FAMILY HEALTH DEVELOPMENT DIVISION DEPT OF PUBLIC HEALTH MINISTRY OF HEALTH MALAYSIA THIRD MALAYSIAN TOBACCO CONTROL CONFERENCE 8 -9 AUGUST 2009
- 14. Stages of smoking Mean age (year) Mean age of smoking initiation (year) Non Susceptible Non Smoker (n=702) 15.56 Susceptible Non Smoker (n=126) 15.45 Experimenter Smoker (n=73) 16.09 13.24 Irregular Smoker (n=51) 15.98 14.00 Regular Smokers (n=83) 16.55 13.04 Overall mean age (n= 1035) 15.69 13.35
- 15. Stages of smoking Male (N=404) Female (N=631) Total stage of smoking Non Susceptible Non Smoker 24.5% 75.5% 67.8% Susceptible Non Smoker 50.8% 49.2% 12.2% Experimenter smoker 67.1% 32.9% 5.1% Irregular Smoker 78.4% 21.6% 4.9% Regular Smokers 95.2% 4.8% 8.0% Total gender 39.0% 61.0% 100%
- 16. Stages of smoking Malay (N= 647) Chinese (N= 148) Indian (N= 240) Total stage of smoking Non Susceptible Non Smoker (N=702) 55.6% 16.7% 27.8% 67.8% Susceptible Non Smoker (N=126) 70.6% 14.3% 15.1% 12.2% Experimenter smoker (N=73) 82.2% 6.8% 11.0% 5.1% Irregular Smoker (N=51) 82.4% 7.8% 9.8% 4.9% Regular Smokers (N=83) 79.5% 4.8% 15.7% 8.0% Total ethnic group 62.5% 14.3% 23.2% 100%
- 32. PREDICTORS NON SUSCEPTIBLE NON SMOKER TO SUSCEPTIBLE EXP (B) CONFIDENCE INTERVAL Demographic Boys 3.59*** 2.19 5.75 Malay 1 Chinese 0.47* 0.26 0.86 Indian 0.56 0.3 1.04 Parent child relationship Father do not understand my problem and worries 3.44*** 1.97 6.03 Friends’ smoking and attitude toward smoking Few to almost all friend smoking 2.15*** 1.45 3.19 Female friends allow smoking 4.03*** 2.28 7.13 School variables Have thought of leaving school 1.82* 1.11 2.99 Truant from school 1.85* 1.14 3.01 R 2 0.278
- 34. PREDICTORS SUSCEPTIBLE NON SMOKER TO EXPERIMENTER EXP (B) CONFIDENCE INTERVAL Parent child relationship Mother do not support when upset 2.86* 1.14 7.14 Family smoking and attitude towards smoking At least one elder sibling ever smoked 2.14* 1.12 4.06 Friend smoking and attitude towards smoking Few to almost all friend smoking 3.47*** 1.89 6.34 Social bonding Religiosity 0.46* 0.22 0.96 R 2 0.216
- 36. PREDICTORS EXPERIMENTER TO IRREGULAR SMOKER EXP (B) CONFIDENCE INTERVAL Family smoking and attitude towards smoking At least one elder sibling ever smoked Parents allow smoking 8.07*** 2.74 23.77 Friend smoking and attitude towards smoking Few to almost all friend smoking 2.25 0.99 5.09 Places where young people hang out Spend time in public places 8.56* 1.57 46.76 R 2 0.378
- 38. PREDICTORS Irregular to Regular smokers Exp (B Confidence Interval Demographic Age 2.108** 1.201 3.702 Family smoking and attitude towards smoking Elder sister allow smoking 3.4* 1.07 10.77 School variables Poor academic grade 4.04** 1.5 10.88 Risk taking behaviour Bullies in school 3.218* 1.27 8.14 Places where young people hang out Spend time at snooker centre 5.29*** 2.11 13.29 R 2 0.399