PowerPoint about a few key figures regarding the growth of power and influence of Christianity in Europe. Also some basic information about the Crusades.

1. CHURCH IN THE MIDDLE AGES
Important People &The Crusades

2. Clovis
Event
 in 496, converted to
Christianity after a
military victory
 by 511, united all the
Franks into one kingdom
Result
 United a large and
powerfulGerman
kingdom with the
Church.

3. Benedict
Event
 around 530, developed a
strict, new set of rules for
monasteries
Result
 Benedict’s rules became
a model for many other
religious communities in
western Europe

4. Pope Gregory I
Event
 Sent St. Augustine to
Britain to convert the
Anglo-Saxons
Result
 Christianity spreads to
Britain
 Later missions from
Britain to Europe will
ChristianizeGermanic
people

5. Charles Martel
Event
 In 732, defeated a
Muslim raiding party at
the Battle ofTours
Result
 Europe remains largely
Christian and Muslims
will not invade Europe
again

6. Charlemagne
Event
 in 800, was crowned
Holy Roman Emperor
by Pope Leo III
Result
 Most of western
Europe was under the
rule of an entirely
Christian government
united with the pope

7. Otto I (Holy Roman Emperor)
Event
 beginning in 936, formed
a tight alliance with the
Church by gaining the
support of the bishops
and began to dominate
the Church in Germany
Result
 Germany and the Church
began to fall under the
rule of a single German
king

8. Pope Gregory VII
Events
 in 1075, banned lay
investiture
 in 1076, excommunicated
German emperor Henry IV
Result
 Henry IV apologized to
Pope GregoryVII thus
taking power away from
German emperors.
 Europe will begin to come
under the control of the
papacy

9. Pope Gregory VII
lay investiture: appointment of bishops by
anyone who is not a member of the clergy
excommunication: Banishment from the
Catholic Church, the individual cannot receive
their sacraments (sacred rites) and will not be
admitted into heaven
papacy: anything having to do with the pope or
the office of the pope

10. Pope Urban II
Event
 in 1093, called for a
Crusade against the
Muslim in the “holy
land”
Result
 Knights across western
Europe united to
defend Christendom
from Muslims

11. Frederick I (Barbarossa)
Events
 in 1176, lost the Battle
of Legnano and made
peace with the pope
Result
 The power of the pope
continued to grow
while the monarch’s
power waned
(decreased)

12. The Crusades

13. Reasons for the Crusades
 Muslims control the “Holy
Land”
 Byzantine Emperor asks
pope for help against
Muslims
 Pope and kings see Crusades
as a way of eliminating
troublesome knights
 Knights see this as an
opportunity to gain land,
riches, and adventure
 Italian cities desire
commercial power

14. 1st Crusade
Events
 Crusaders capture Jerusalem
 Crusaders captured a 400
mile narrow strip of land
stretching from Edessa to
Jerusalem
 Four feudal Crusader states
were set up, each ruled by a
European noble
Effects
 Crusaders gain wealth
through trade
 Constant conflict between
Crusaders andTurks

15. 2nd Crusade
Events
 Crusaders organized to
recapture Edessa
 Crusaders suffer a
terrible defeat
Effects
 Jerusalem falls to
Muslims in 1187

16. 3rd Crusade
Events
 Richard the Lionhearted
(last of three kings to
undertake this adventure)
fights the armies of
Saladin
 Neither side wins a victory
Effects
 A truce is signed
 Jerusalem will remain in
Muslim control
 Unarmed Christian
pilgrims may visit
Jerusalem

17. 4th Crusade
Events
 Pope Innocent III called
for another Crusade to
recapture Jerusalem
 Disagreements between
the western and eastern
Churches result in
Crusaders looting the
city of Constantinople
Effects
 The rift between the
eastern and western
Church grows wider and
permanent

18. Children’s Crusade
Events
 Thousands of children set
out for the “Holy Land”.
 The children were armed
with only their faith and the
belief that God would turn
Jerusalem over to them.
Effects
 Many children died on their
way due to the cold or
starvation.
 One group turned back.
 The rest drowned at sea or
were sold into slavery.

19. Reconquista (Spanish Crusade)
Events
 This was a long effort to drive
the Muslims out of Spain.
 In 1492, the last Muslim
stronghold in Spain fell to
Spanish armies.
 Ferdinand and Isabella used the
Inquisition to eliminate any
heretics.
Effects
 Spain becomes an entirely
Christian kingdom.
 Muslim kingdoms are entirely
eliminated from Europe.

20. Outcomes
 Byzantine Empire is weakened
 Pope’s power declines
 Power of feudal nobles weakens
 Kings become stronger
 Religious intolerance grows
 Italian cities expand trade and grow rich
 Trade grow between Europe and Middle East
 European technology improves as Crusaders
learn from Muslims