1. ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE -
CHALLENGES AND SOLUTIONS

2. The strength of trillions upon trillions of
micro-organism , combined with ancient
force of evolution will inevitably
over power our drugs

3. The evolution of
microorganism is
Darwinian : in the face
of change , THE
FITTEST SURVIVES

4. It is the ability of micro-organism to survive
concentration of antibiotic that is sensitive to
cells of same strain.
When a sensitive strain gain the ability to
withstand an antibiotic, its an antibiotic
resistant

7.  MDR-TB & XDR –TB
 MRSA
 Vancomycin resistant Enterococci
 Beta lactamase NDM-I
 Antibiotic resistant E.coli

12. Causes of development of
antimicrobial resistance

13. INAPPROPRIATE AND IRRATIONAL USE OF
ANTIBIOTICS

15. Inappropriate use
of antibiotics in
livestock as
growth promoters

16. Diagnostics
Vaccines

17.  Failure of response to standard treatment
 Hampers the control of infectious diseases
 Increase in cost of health care
 Threatens a return to pre- antibiotic era
 Jeopardizes health care gains to society

18.  QUORUM SENSING- confers
virulence, conjugation,sporulation & biofilm
formation. Q.S. can acts as potential target for
antimicrobial resistance bacteria
 Vaccination
 Use of narrow spectrum antibiotics
 Rapid diagnostic tests
 Antibiotic susceptibility test
 Rational usage of antibiotics

19. There is a need to extend
the capabilities of
antimicrobial
therapies, to develop
drugs that destroy
pathogens and also
undermine resistance
mechanism in more
effective way.

20. Thank you