PDU 202 Qualitative Research Method: Data Analysis

PDU 202
METODE KUALITATIF
SEMESTER GENAP 2013/2014
FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIAATMA JAYA
KULIAH X - 04 APRIL 2014
QUALITATIVE DATA ANALYSIS

QUALITATIVE
DATA ANALYSIS
ONE DAY OBJECTIVES:
Mahasiswa mampu:
• Memahami kerangka dan proses pengolahan dan analisis data kualitatif;
• Melakukan analisis data kualitatif.
image gestionando.biz

PDU 202 METODE KUALITATIF
Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Katolik Indonesia Atma Jaya
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(Creswell, 2012)

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ANALYZING QUALITATIVE DATA REQUIRES
UNDERSTANDING HOW TO MAKE SENSE
OF TEXT AND IMAGES
SO THAT YOU CAN FORM ANSWERS TO YOUR
RESEARCH QUESTIONS.
(Creswell, 2012)

ardhiati © 2014PDU 202 METODE KUALITATIF
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PUT YOURSELF IN SOMEONE ELSE’S SHOES
AND TRY TO UNDERSTAND HOW IT FEELS TO BE HIM/HER
image kendascrafts.blogspot.com

ANALYZING QUALITATIVE DATA
few things to consider before

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WHAT IS THIS?

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WHAT IS THIS?
have no idea?

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THIS?

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THIS?
no?

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THIS?
no?
HOW ABOUT
THIS?

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image gundameisters.blogspot.com
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(Creswell, 2012)

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image gundameisters.blogspot.com
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Analyzing qualitative data
is an inductive process1
(Creswell, 2012)

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WILL YOU PRODUCE THIS
PICTURE PERFECTLY...
image dragoart.com

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WITHOUT CREATING IT
SIMULTANEOUSLY FROM
THE BEGINNING? image dragoart.com

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involves a simultaneous
process
2
image dragoart.com
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(Creswell, 2012)

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WITHOUT LOOKING BACK
TO EACH STEPS YOU
TOOK BEFORE? image dragoart.com

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is an iterative phase3
image dragoart.com
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(Creswell, 2012)

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CAN YOU DESCRIBE THE
WHOLE IMAGES WITH
FEW LIGHTING?

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CAN YOU DESCRIBE THE
WHOLE IMAGES WITH
FEW LIGHTING?
NO?

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(Creswell, 2012)
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image rsblog.ca

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The researchers analyze
the data by reading it
several times and
conducting analysis
each time
4
(Creswell, 2012)
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image rsblog.ca

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WHICH FROM THE ABOVE IS
THE RIGHT WAY OF DRAWING?

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WHICH FROM THE ABOVE IS
THE RIGHT WAY OF DRAWING?
INDEED.
ALL OF THEM.

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is an eclectic process5
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(Creswell, 2012)

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WHAT DO YOU THINK
SHE IS DOING?
image vaultdenimmpls.wordpress.com

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STILL THINKING THE SAME?

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WHICH ONE IS
THE RIGHT ONE?

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WHICH ONE IS
THE RIGHT ONE?
INDEED. THEY BOTH ARE.

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The interpretation
depends on the
researcher’s perspective
6
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(Creswell, 2012)image vaultdenimmpls.wordpress.com

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LET’S RECAP!

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analyzing qualitative data
(Creswell, 2012)

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INDUCTIVE
PROCESS
SIMULTANEOUS
PROCESS
ITERATIVE
PHASE
SEVERAL TIMES
PROCESSES
RESEARCHER’S
PERSPECTIVE
ECLECTIC
PROCESS
(Creswell, 2012)

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so, it is important to:
(Yin, 2011)
CHECKING &
RECHECKING
THE ACCURACY
THOROUGH &
COMPLETE
ANALYZING
ACKNOWLEDGING
BIASES

phases of

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(Yin, 2011)

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COMPILE
DATABASE
DISASSEMBLE
DATA
REASSEMBLE
DATA
INTERPRET
DATA
CONCLUDE
(Yin, 2011)

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COMPILE
DATABASE
DISASSEMBLE
DATA
REASSEMBLE
DATA
INTERPRET
DATA
CONCLUDE
(Yin, 2011)
1
2
3
4
5

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(Yin, 2011)
analysis is likely to occur 
in a nonlinear fashion

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1. COMPILE DATABASE

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1. COMPILE DATABASE
FROM THE SUBJECT
THEMSELVES
FROM THE FAMILIES
FROM THE COMMUNITY

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1. COMPILE DATABASE
FROM THE SUBJECT
THEMSELVES
FROM THE FAMILIES
FROM THE COMMUNITY
BASED ON
THE ‘SUBJECT’

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1. COMPILE DATABASE
FROM HOME FROM OFFICE
FROM CHURCH
BASED ON
DAILY ACTIVITIES LIFE
FROM PARK

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1. COMPILE DATABASE
The arrangement can be
customized, but make sure to:
• MAKE IT SYSTEMATIC
• MAKE IT CONSISTENT
(Yin, 2011)

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2. disassemble data
(Yin, 2011)

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2. disassemble data
memo writing
(Yin, 2011)

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2. disassemble data
memo writing
(Yin, 2011)
“Read the transcripts in their entirely several times. Immerse
yourself in details, trying to get a sense of the interview as
a whole before breaking it into parts.”
(Agar, 1980 in Creswell, 2012)

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2. disassemble data
CODING THE DATA
VISUAL MODEL OF THE CODING PROCESS
(Creswell, 2012)
initially read
through text data
divide the text
into segments of
information
labels the segments
of information
with codes
reduce overlap
and redundancy
of codes
collapse codes
into themes

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3. REassemble data
The researchers are proactively
sifting and sorting their ideas,
searching for patterns.
(Yin, 2011)

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3. REassemble data
IMPORTANT PROCEDURES DURING THE PROCESS
1.
CONSTANT
COMPARISON
2.
NEGATIVE
INSTANCES
3.
RIVAL
THINKING
(Yin, 2011)

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3. REassemble data
Successful reassembling means that the researchers
should be seeing the broader themes or outline of
their entire analysis.
(Yin, 2011)

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4. INTERPRET DATA
(Yin, 2011)
Interpreting may be considered the craft of giving the researchers’ own meaning to
their reassembled data and data arrays.

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4. INTERPRET DATA
(Yin, 2011)
Interpreting may be considered the craft of giving the researchers’ own meaning to
their reassembled data and data arrays.
COMPLETENESS FAIRNESS EMPIRICAL
ACCURACY
VALUE-ADDED CREDIBILITY

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4. INTERPRET DATA
DESCRIPTION DESCRIPTION &
A CALL FOR ACTION
EXPLANATION
depends on the purpose of the study
(Yin, 2011)

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4. INTERPRET DATA
THE RESEARCHERS CAN START THE INTERPRETATION IN SEVERAL
WAYS:
The researchers already may know the main theme of the research by stating a
possible subtitle for a qualitative study
The researchers may have analytically observed important, new, and persistent
patterns in the research data
The researchers should always be able to start an interpretation with their original
research questions and build around them
1
2
3
(Yin, 2011)

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5. CONCLUDE
The spirit of a conclusion lies in such concepts as “lesson learned” and “implications
of the research,” as well as more pragmatic slogans such as “pratical implications”.
(Yin, 2011)

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5. CONCLUDE
The spirit of a conclusion lies in such concepts as “lesson learned” and “implications
of the research,” as well as more pragmatic slogans such as “pratical implications”.
(Yin, 2011)
Calling for
New Research
Challenge
Conventional
Generalizations
New
“Discoveries”
Making
Substantive
Propositions
Generalizing

WANT TO KNOW MORE?
Creswell, J. (2012). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and
evaluating quantitative and qualitative research (4th ed.). Boston: Pearson
Education, Inc.
Yin, R.K. (2011). Qualitative research from start to finish. Spring Street, New
York: The Guilford Press.

PDU 202 Qualitative Research Method: Data Analysis

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PDU 202 Qualitative Research Method: Data Analysis