Manner of articulation (Phonetics and phonology)
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Manner of articulation (Phonetics and phonology)
- 1. Manner of Articulation Mazhar Iqbal Ranjha
- 6. stops • Complete closure of articulation • Airstream cannot escape through the mouth
- 7. Types of stops • Oral • Soft palate is raised • Airstream obstructed in the mouth • Pressure built up behind obstruction • Small burst of sound when air released • Nasal • Soft palate is lowered • Air stopped in oral cavity • No pressure • No burst
- 8. fricatives • No complete stop • Friction is there
- 9. Affricates Brief stopping of airstream and with an obstructed release
- 11. English Consonants chart voiceless voiced Manner of articulation Place of articulation bilabial labio- dental inter- dental alveolar palatal velar glottal stop p b _____ _____ t d _____ k g _____ fricative _____ f v θ ð s z ʃ ʒ _____ _____ affricate _____ _____ _____ _____ ʧ ʤ _____ _____ flap _____ _____ _____ ɾ _____ _____ _____ nasal m _____ _____ n _____ ŋ _____ liquid lat. _____ _____ _____ l r _____ _____ _____ retr. glide w _____ _____ _____ j _____ h
- 12. Notes • Consonant sounds are generally assumed to be: pulmonic egressive oral central
- 13. Consonant Dimensions: Summary [t] [j] 1. Airstream Mechanism pulmonic egressive p.e. 2. Phonation Type voiceless voiced 3. Place of Articulation alveolar palatal 4. Aperture stop approx. 5. Retroflexion non-retroflex non-retro 6. Nasality oral oral 7. Laterality central central
- 14. vowels Less constriction than approximant
- 15. Vowel Dimensions • Vowel articulations can be characterized along four dimensions: 1. Height (of tongue body) • high, mid, low 2. Front-back (of tongue body) • front, central, back 3. Roundedness (of lips) • rounded vs. unrounded 4. “Tenseness” • tense/lax
- 16. Other Vowel Features • Rounding: • are pronounced with rounded lips • the other English vowels are not • “Tenseness” • a “tense” vowel is closer to the edge of the vowel space • a “lax” vowel is closer to the center • Ex: [i] is tense, is not. • Tense/lax distinctions: • found predominately in Germanic languages • are very hard for non-native speakers of English to hear
- 17. The Cardinal Vowels • A set of 8 reference vowels • Brainchild of English Phonetician Daniel Jones (1881-1967) • “Cardinal Vowels can only be learnt from a teacher who knows how to make them or from a gramophone record or tape record.”
- 18. Lineage • Henry Sweet taught phonetics to Daniel Jones. • Daniel Jones taught David Abercrombie. • David Abercrombie taught Peter Ladefoged. • Peter Ladefoged taught Sarah Dart. • Sarah Dart taught me. • I am teaching you.
- 19. The Cardinal Vowels • So let’s learn about the Cardinal Vowels. • Two “anchor” vowels: • [i] - Cardinal Vowel 1 - highest, frontest vowel possible • - Cardinal Vowel 5 - lowest, backest vowel possible • Remaining vowels are spaced at equal intervals of frontness and height between the anchor vowels. • Note: [u] - Cardinal Vowel 8 - may serve as a third anchor as the highest, backest, roundest vowel possible
- 24. Tense vs. Lax • There are five lax vowels in English. Tense Lax heed hid hayed head who’d hood hod hud had • The lax vowels cannot appear at the end of a syllable. • They also often have a offglide. • Lastly: they are shorter than their tense counterparts.
- 25. Thank you (1-28-09) 2-2-09 LING3330 25