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A review of web-based resources for medical tourism. A call for future research.
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No Sandcastles: A Nip n Tuck in the Sun
1.
Novemberâ©2009â© â©
â© â© â© Noâ©Sandcastles:â©Aâ©Nipâ©nâ© Tuckâ©inâ©theâ©Sunâ© â© Medicalâ©Tourism:â©Aâ©reviewâ©ofâ©webâbasedâ©sourcesâ© â© Withâ©Drâ©Mariannâ©Hardeyâ© Socialâ©Mediaâ©Analystâ©&â©Consultantâ©â© e.mariann@mariannhardey.netâ©â© â© Inâ©associationâ©withâ©Universityâ©ofâ©Yorkâ©Managementâ©Schoolâ©â©
2.
Summaryâ©Overviewâ©ofâ©Medicalâ©Tourismâ©forâ©eHealthâ© â© Definingâ©medicalâ©tourismâ© Severalâ©organisationsâ©andâ©individualsâ©haveâ©triedâ©toâ©identifyâ©formallyâ©theâ©termâ© âmedicalâ©tourismâ.â©â©Theâ©conditionsâ©ofâ©theâ©emergenceâ©ofâ©theâ©definingâ©principlesâ©ofâ©theâ© termâ©meansâ©thatâ©medicalâ©tourismâ©hasâ©beenâ©usedâ©toâ©classifyâ©theâ©rangeâ©andâ©scopeâ©ofâ©itsâ© applicationâ©fromâ©commerciallyâ©ledâ©organisations,â©toâ©theâ©mediaâ©asâ©wellâ©asâ©moreâ© officialâ©Governmentâ©agenciesâ©includingâ©theâ©NHS.â©â©Whatâ©isâ©importantâ©toâ©noteâ©isâ©thatâ© thereâ©isâ©noâ©standardâ©orâ©representativeâ©definitionâ©ofâ©theâ©termâ©ââ©Generallyâ©thisâ©isâ© viewedâ©asâ©âsomethingââ©toâ©doâ©withâ©treatmentâ©abroadâ©andâ©itâ©currentlyâ©holdsâ©aâ©veryâ© broadâ©andâ©openâ©definition.â©â©â©Theâ©âtourismââ©tagâ©impliesâ©somethingâ©casualâ©orâ©otherwiseâ© outsideâ©conventionalâ©healthâ©seekingâ©behaviour.â© â© Reviewâ©ofâ©webâbasedâ©resourcesâ© Thereâ©isâ©aâ©strikingâ©rangeâ©inâ©theâ©qualityâ©andâ©usabilityâ©ofâ©theâ©webâbasedâ©resourcesâ© availableâ©toâ©visitorsâ©ofâ©medicalâ©tourismâ©websitesâ©andâ©services.â©â©Theâ©consultationâ©ofâ© oneâ©sourceâ©wasâ©unlikelyâ©toâ©beâ©anâ©effectiveâ©repositoryâ©ofâ©reliableâ©healthâ©relatedâ© information.â©Inâ©particular,â©theâ©commercialâ©marketingâ©ofâ©sitesâ©wasâ©oftenâ©emphasisedâ© overâ©theâ©publicationâ©ofâ©easyâ©accessâ©literatureâ©andâ©services.â©â©Thisâ©indicatesâ©anâ©impliedâ© activeâ©roleâ©forâ©theâ©visitorâ©whoâ©directsâ©theirâ©ownâ©selectionâ©ofâ©informationâ©asâ©anâ© effectiveâ©andâ©efficientâ©wayâ©ofâ©extractingâ©knowledgeâ©andâ©services.â©â©Theâ©rangeâ©inâ©theâ© qualityâ©ofâ©informationâ©isâ©widespread.â©Someâ©sitesâ©haveâ©aâ©poorâ©levelâ©ofâ©usabilityâ©andâ© navigation,â©particularlyâ©whenâ©theyâ©representâ©organisationsâ©thatâ©areâ©financeâledâ©ââ©e.g.â© offeringâ©financialâ©servicesâ©includingâ©healthâ©insuranceâ©andâ©brokerageâ©dealsâ©asâ©anâ© additionâ©toâ©medicalâ©services.â©â©Forâ©theâ©UK,â©theâ©NHSâ©websiteâ©forâ©informationâ©aboutâ© medicalâ©tourismâ©isâ©limitedâ©inâ©itsâ©publicationâ©andâ©accessâ©toâ©professionalâ©resources.â©â© Theâ©informationâ©andâ©functionalityâ©wasâ©basedâ©onâ©keyâ©publicâ©healthâ©issuesâ©ratherâ©thanâ© adviceâ©onâ©reliableâ©sourcesâ©ofâ©knowledgeâ©orâ©validatedâ©servicesâ©forâ©patients.â©â©Theâ©leastâ© usefulâ©sitesâ©haveâ©âdeadââ©links,â©makingâ©themâ©hardestâ©toâ©navigateâ©andâ©giveâ©outâ© confusingâ©orâ©poorâ©qualityâ©information.â©â©Forâ©exampleâ©theâ©siteâ©medibroker.comâ©ratherâ© thanâ©promotingâ©healthâ©orâ©medicalâ©informationâ©exhibitsâ©poorâ©webâdesignâ©withâ© confusingâ©arrayâ©ofâ©links,â©andâ©displayâ©ofâ©information.â©Muchâ©ofâ©theâ©siteâ©isâ©givenâ©overâ©toâ© theâ©promotionâ©ofâ©advertisingâ©space.â©â© â© â©
2â©
3.
Tableâ©1.â©Overviewâ©ofâ©theâ©functionsâ©ofâ©medicalâ©tourismâ©webâ©portalsâ© Informationâ©
Connectivityâ© Exchangeâ© Commerceâ© Careâ© Searchâ©andâ© Canâ©includeâ© Peerâtoâpeerâ© Basedâ©onâ© Emphasisâ©onâ© retrieveâ©ofâ© officialâ©sourcesâ© informationâ© consumerâ© âselfâcareââ©withâ© information/dataâ© suchâ©asâ©clinicalâ© sitesâ©e.g.â© behaviourâ©andâ© littleâ© andâ©publicâ© newsgroupsâ© âonlineââ© coordinationâ© â© healthâ©systemsâ© andâ©messageâ© purchasingâ©forâ© withâ©officialâ© Offerâ©aâ©rangeâ©ofâ© boardsâ© treatmentâ©â© medicalâ© â© healthâ©resourcesâ© treatmentâ© â© â© Mostâ©likelyâ©toâ© centresâ©orâ© â© beâ©Webâbasedâ© Mostâ©likelyâ©toâ© Theâ©individualâ© organisationsâ© Proâactiveâ©user:â© andâ©searchâ© includeâ©signâupâ© isâ©seenâ©(andâ© âbackâ©homeââ© Basedâ©onâ© engineâ©ledâ©e.g.â© toâ©newslettersâ© treatedâ©as)â©asâ© informedâ©decisionâ© Googleâ© â© andâ©registrationâ© âconsumerâ,â© makingâ© toâ©commercialâ© ratherâ©thanâ©aâ© Unlikelyâ©toâ©beâ© â© sitesâ© âpatientâ.â©Inâ©thisâ© exchangeâ©orâ© Limitedâ©healthâ© wayâ©theyâ©areâ© sharingâ©ofâ© serviceâ©andâ© âproâactiveââ©â© healthâ©recordsâ© systemâ© bothâ©inâ©termsâ© â© integrationâ©withâ© ofâ©profileâ©andâ© moreâ© sourcingâ©ofâ© Littleâ©âsharedââ© commercialâ© informationâ© clinicalâ©decisionâ© organisationsâ© makingâ©orâ© treatmentâ© managementâ©ââ© particularlyâ©forâ© âafterâcareââ© followingâ© patientsâ©returnâ© backâ©homeâ© â© Someâ©keyâ©pointsâ©â© Medicalâ©tourismâ©refersâ©toâ©theâ©recentâ©newâ©EUâ©Crossâborderâ©Healthâ©Directiveâ©thatâ©hasâ© meantâ©sinceâ©2007â©restrictionsâ©haveâ©beenâ©liftedâ©onâ©patientsâ©whoâ©wantâ©toâ©travelâ©forâ© treatmentâ©toâ©otherâ©EUâ©countries.â©â©Inâ©theâ©UKâ©thisâ©meansâ©thatâ©patientsâ©areâ©ableâ©toâ© reclaimâ©fromâ©theâ©NHSâ©forâ©theâ©costâ©ofâ©âessentialâ©treatmentââ©andâ©willâ©âonlyâ©haveâ©toâ©payâ© theirâ©travelâ©andâ©accommodationâ©costs,â©plusâ©anyâ©topâupâ©feesâ©ifâ©chargesâ©inâ©theâ©foreignâ© hospitalsâ©areâ©higherâ©thanâ©theâ©NHSâ©costââ©(Europeanâ©Healthâ©&â©Medicalâ©Tourismâ© Associationâ©EHMTA,â©2007).â©â©Medicalâ©tourismâ©alsoâ©hasâ©aâ©moreâ©commercialâ©andâ© consumerâledâ©meaningâ©thatâ©refersâ©toâ©theâ©riseâ©inâ©travelâ©agenciesâ©andâ©medicalâ©servicesâ© thatâ©offerâ©medicalâ©treatmentâ©(usuallyâ©forâ©cosmeticâ©procedures)â©abroad.â©â©Suchâ© servicesâ©areâ©typicallyâ©electiveâ©andâ©concernedâ©withâ©cosmetic,â©dentistryâ©andâ©IVFâ© treatment.â©â©Factorsâ©thatâ©haveâ©contributedâ©toâ©theâ©riseâ©inâ©medicalâ©travelâ©includeâ©theâ© highâ©costâ©ofâ©healthâ©care,â©theâ©rangeâ©ofâ©healthâ©careâ©services,â©waitingâ©timesâ©forâ© procedures,â©improvementsâ©inâ©theâ©standardâ©ofâ©careâ©inâ©otherâ©countries,â©outbreakâ©ofâ© âsuperâ©bugâsââ©suchâ©asâ©MRSAâ©inâ©theâ©UKâ©asâ©wellâ©asâ©theâ©relativeâ©easeâ©andâ©affordabilityâ©ofâ© travelâ©withinâ©theâ©EU.â©â©Inâ©addition,â©theâ©âhotelâ©serviceââ©aspectâ©ofâ©medicalâ©careâ©canâ©beâ©aâ© factorâ©inâ©thatâ©privateâ©rooms,â©highâ©patientâ©staffâ©ratiosâ©andâ©soâ©forthâ©areâ©possibleâ©inâ© â© 3â©
4.
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