1. Dredges, Gunboats & Mosquitoes U.S. Congressional Serial Set and the Building of the Panama Canal Steven F. Daniel Readex, a division of NewsBank, inc .

8. Possible routes for a canal

9. Earliest interest in a canal referenced in the Serial Set: H Rpt. 145 (30-2)

10. Earliest Congressional Interest in an Isthmian Canal: H.Doc. 228 (25-2)

14. Corps of Topographical Engineers under Buchanan studied transit routes across Central America and Mexico S.Ex.Doc. 51 (34-3), 20p

21. In 1870 President Grant sent an expedition to survey the Isthmus of Tehuantepec S. Ex. Doc. 6 (42-2), 171 p

24. In 1875 President Grant sent two missions to examine possible interoceanic canal routes across Panama

28. U.S. monitored French progress - 1884 S.Exec.Doc. 123 (48-1), 68p

38. A new French canal company was formed in 1894 to carry on the work, and protect the assets, of the bankrupt original company S.Doc. 188 (56-1), 107p

51. The Hay-Herr á n Treaty is negotiated with Columbia to settle terms of an American canal project, but never approved by Colombia and never submitted to the U.S. Senate.

56. Isthmian Canal Commission Annual Reports, 1904-1914 (including reports by Chief Engineers and by Col. Wm. Gorgas of the Medical Corps) S.Doc. 127 (59-1) H.Doc. 1030 (61-3) H.Doc. 1403 (63-3)

58. As late as May 1906, the Senate Interoceanic Canal Committee still favored construction of a sea-level canal S.Rpt 3626 (59-1), 46p.

59. But on June 21, 1906 the Senate approved an amended bill authorizing construction of a lock canal across Panama. The House soon followed suit. S. Journal (59-2), 735p.

61. 1907 Senate investigative hearings S.Doc. 401, vols. 1-4 (59-2), 1023, 998, 1051, 342p

62. 1911 Senate field hearings in Panama S.Doc. 191 (62-2), 301p

63. There was no formal opening ceremony, but after August 1914, the canal was open to traffic.

64. Defeating Yellow Fever S.Doc. 118 (57-2), 29p

67. H.Doc. 839 (60-1), 40p

68. Pensions for heroes and victims H.Rpt. 1865 (58-2), 3p. S.Rpt. 431 (60-1), 13p. S.Rpt. 929 (63-3), 3p.

69. 25000+ 20000 5600 Lives lost 255m 30m 225m Cubic yards dredged $475m $125m $357m Cost total French U.S.