1. Good Morning/Afternoon! 2/21/13
Good Morning! 1/10/12
EQ: How did the Columbian Exchange effect
Latin America?
HW: Snack and Dessert due tomorrow.
Sponge
How are goods and ideas exchanged?
Explain and give at least one example
of this

2. Notes From America From Europe,
Africa, Asia

3. The Columbian Exchange
Unit 7 Notes

4. What was the
Columbian Exchange?
• The explorers created contact between
Europe & the Americas.
• Interaction with Native Americans led to big
cultural changes.
• Exchange of people, animals, plants,
diseases, weapons, ideas, etc.

5. The Columbian Exchange

6. The Columbian Exchange
• Explorers created contact between Europe and Americas.
• Interaction with Native Americans led to big cultural changes.
• Contact between the two groups led to the exchange of people, ideas,
plants, animals, and disease—the Columbian Exchange.
The Exchange of Goods Sharing Discoveries
• Plants, animals developed in very • Arrival of Europeans in Americas
different ways in hemispheres changed all this
• Europeans—no potatoes, corn, • Previously unknown foods taken
sweet potatoes, turkeys back to Europe
• People in Americas—no coffee, • Familiar foods brought to
oranges, rice, wheat, sheep, cattle Americas by colonists
The introduction of beasts of burden to the Americas was a significant
development from the Columbian Exchange. The introduction of the horse
provided people in the Americas with a new source of labor and transportation.

8. Effects of the Columbian Exchange
Different Foods
• Exchange of foods, animals had dramatic impact on later societies
• Over time crops native to Americas became staples in diets of Europeans
• Foods provided nutrition, helped people live longer
Economics and Diets
• Activities like Texas cattle ranching, Brazilian coffee growing not possible
without Columbian Exchange; cows, coffee native to Old World
• Traditional cuisines changed because of Columbian Exchange
Italian Food Without Tomatoes?
• Until contact with Americas, Europeans had never tried tomatoes
• Most Europeans thought tomatoes poisonous
• By late 1600s, tomatoes had begun to be included in Italian cookbooks

9. • Effects of Columbian Exchange felt not only
in Europe, Americas
• China
– Arrival of easy-to-grow, nutritious corn helped
population grow tremendously
– Also a main consumer of silver mined in Americas
• Africa
– Two native crops of Americas—corn, peanuts—still
among most widely grown
• Scholars estimate one-third of all food crops
grown in world are of American origin

10. The Introduction of New Diseases
• Native Americans had no natural resistance to European diseases
• Smallpox, measles, influenza, malaria killed millions
• Population of central Mexico may have decreased by more than 30
percent in the 10 years following first contact with Europeans
Devastating Impact
• Native American population continued to decline for centuries
• Inca Empire decreased from 13 million in 1492 to 2 million in 1600
• North American population fell from 2 million in 1492 to 500,000 in
1900—but disease not only factor in decrease of population
• Intermittent warfare, other violence also contributed

11. Notes From America From Europe
• exchange of people, Tomatoes Horses
Cattle
ideas, plants, animals, Pigs
and disease
• Effects: different Foods,
jobs,

12. Effects Around the Globe
• The Columbian Exchange not only impacted
Europe & the Americas, but also…
• China:
– Arrival of easy-to-grow, nutritious corn helped the
population grow tremendously.
• Africa:
– two native crops of Americas--corn, peanuts--still
among most widely grown
• Scholars estimate one-third of all food crops
grown in the world are of American origin.

13. Animals
• Llamas were the only domesticated
animals in Latin America.
– Europeans brought horses, pigs, cattle,
sheep.
• changed the use of the land

14. Plants
• Europeans brought cash crops to the
Americas: sugar, rice, wheat, coffee,
bananas, & grapes.
– New crops flourished in the Americas.
• From Latin America- Europeans adopt
crops found in the Americas: maize,
tomatoes, potatoes, tobacco, cacao,
beans, & cotton.

15. The Introduction of New
Diseases
• Nearly all of the European diseases
were communicable by air & touch.
• Smallpox, measles, diphtheria, whooping
cough, chicken pox, bubonic plague, scarlet
fever and influenza were the most common
diseases exchanged.

16. Smallpox
• Central Mexico - 25
million in 1519 to less
than one million in 1605
• Hispañola - One million
in 1492 to 46,000 in
1512
• North America - 90% of
Native Americans gone
within 100 years of
Plymouth landing

17. Effects of Diseases
• Native American population
dramatically decreases
• Europeans need labor to cultivate new
crops in the Americas, but there aren’t
many natives left.
• Europeans look to Africa & begin to
import African slaves to the Americas.