3. Affirmative sentences: We use the infinitive of the verb + ed for regular verbs or a specific form in the case of irregular verbs . e.g. They played football. He won an oscar. NOTE: Here you can find a dictionary of irregular verbs. http://www.englishpage.com/irregularverbs/irregularverbs.html FORM

4. Negative sentences : We use the auxiliary did and the negative particle not . e.g. They did not play football.

5. Questions : We use the auxiliary did and change the word order (auxiliary – subject – verb) e.g . Did they play football?

6. a) If the verb ends in a consonant, add – ed . return - returned, help - helped, cook - cooked b.) If the verb ends in – e , add – d . live - lived, create - created, die - died c) In one-syllable words, if the verb ends in a consonant-vowel-consonant combination (CVC), double the last consonant and add - ed . hop - hopped, rub - rubbed However, do not double one-syllable words ending in – w , - x , or – y . bow - bowed, play - played, mix – mixed SPELLING RULES FOR THE PAST SIMPLE

7. d) In words of two or more syllables that end in consonant-vowel-consonant combination, double the last consonant only if the last syllable is stressed . prefer - preferred (The last syllable is stressed.) visit - visited (The last syllable isn’t stressed) e) If the verb ends in a consonant, + y , change the - y to - i and – ed . worry - worried, copy – copied But if the verb ends in a vowel + y , add - ed . (Do not change the – y to – i .) play - played, annoy – annoyed

8. Use the past simple: - to express a completed action at a definite time in the past . The separate events which occur in sequence in a narrative are expressed using this tense. e.g. I woke up at half past seven yesterday, I had a shower and ate some breakfast. I left for work at quarter past eight. - to express past habits . e.g. I went to school in São Paulo until my family moved to Rio . USE NOTE! The past continuous is the most common tense after 'when ' in questions and statements

10. Affirmative sentences: We use a form of to be in the past form (was, were), the infinitive of the verb and the ending –ing . e.g. I was play ing volleyball. FORM

11. Negative sentences : We use the negative particle not after the verb to be in the past and then the infinitive + ing . e.g. I was not play ing volleyball.

12. Questions : We use the verb to be in the past as the auxiliary and change the word order (auxiliary – subject – verb) e.g. Was I play ing volleyball?

13. SPELLING RULES FOR THE PAST CONTINUOUS a.) Add – ing to the base form of the verb. read - reading, stand - standing, jump - jumping b.) If a verb ends in a silent – e , drop the final - e and add – ing . leave - leaving, take - taking, receive - receiving c.) In a one-syllable word, if the last three letters are consonant-vowel-consonant (CVC), double the last consonant before adding –ing . sit - sitting, run - running, hop - hopping However, do not double the last consonant in word that end in w, x, or y . sew - sewing, fix - fixing, enjoy - enjoying

14. d.) In words of two or more syllables that end in a consonant-vowel-consonant combination, double the last consonant only if the last syllable is stressed. admit - admitting, regret - regretting e.) If a verb ends in – ie , change the – ie to y before adding - ing . die - dying

15. As with all continuous tenses, the past continuous gives the idea of activity and duration. The past continuous is used: - To describe the past situation in which the events of the narrative occurred. e.g. When I saw her, she was wearing a blue dress and was driving a Mercedes. - To express an activity in progress at a time in the past . e.g. What were you doing when I phoned you? NOTE! The past continuous is the most common tense after 'while' in questions and statements. USE

16. The past continuous also expresses the idea of: An interrupted activity Eg. She was cooking dinner when the door bell rang. (She cooked dinner = she finished it) A temporary situation Eg. He was standing on the corner waiting for a bus. (It stood on the corner. = Permanent situation) NOTE! The past continuous can also be used as ' future in the past '.

19. Affirmative sentences: We use had + the past participle of the verb. e.g. I had played volleyball. FORM

20. Negative sentences : We use the negative particle not after had and then the past participle . e.g. I had not played volleyball.

21. Questions : We use had as the auxiliary and change the word order (auxiliary – subject – past participle of the verb ) e.g. Had I played volleyball?

22. The past perfect is used: - To show that an action or situation happened BEFORE the events in the narrative described in the simple past . e.g. I woke up at half past seven yesterday. I had slept very badly because there had been a power cut during the night. NOTE! If the subject of two verbs is the same, you don't have to repeat the 'had' auxiliary. Eg. When I arrived, he'd finished his dinner and left the room. USE

24. GO ON PRACTICING AT HOME http://www.cesdonbosco.com/filologia/english/narrative_tenses.htm http://www.vivquarry.com/wkshts/narrex1.html http://www.studypage.net/l_index.php?id=201 http://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/simplepast.html