Toefl skills 6 8 more than one clause

1 UCI ExtensionPaper-Based TOEFL WorkshopSentences with More Than One Clause Structure and Written Expression Skills 6-8 Longman Preparation Course for the TOEFL Test Tutorial prepared by Marla Yoshida

2 Review: What is a clause? ,[object Object]

Every sentence has at least one clause. Some have more.

These sentences have one clause:[Kittensare cute.] [The studentshave been studying in the library.] ,[object Object],[Kittensare cute,] [but spidersaren’t.] (2 clauses) [The students[whohave been studying]are tired] [because studyingis hard work.] (3 clauses) Now let’s look at several different ways to join two clauses.

3 Coordinate connectors (conjunctions) ,[object Object]

You can remember these connectors by thinking of the word FANBOYS. (Their first letters spell out this word.)For* We will remember you, for you have helped us greatly. And The sun is shining, and the birds are singing. Nor* He never smiled, nor did he laugh. But I was looking for my book, but I couldn’t find it. Or Did you do your homework, or did you forget? Yet You look familiar, yet I can’t remember your name. So I don’t have any money, so I can’t buy anything. *For sounds rather formal or poetic. In everyday speech, we don’t use it often as a coordinate connector. (Of course, we often us it as a preposition: This is for you.) *Notice the inverted order of subject and verb in a clause that begins withnor.

4 commas Coordinate connectors (conjunctions) ,[object Object],[It’s chilly today] , [so I’ll wear a jacket]. [The boy was tired ] , [but he had fun]. ,[object Object],[It’s chilly today ] , [so I’ll wear a jacket]. OK [So I’ll wear a jacket] , [it’s chilly today]. No!

5 Subordinating conjunctions ,[object Object],I’ll do my homework after I watch TV. No, you need to do your homework before you watch TV. Whenever I do my homework, I watch TV. If you watch TV, you won’t be able to concentrate. I can concentrate even though I’m watching TV! Unless you turn off the TV, you’ll get a bad grade on your test because you won’t remember anything. OK. I’ll turn off the TV since you think it’s important. Good. Now that you’ve turned off the TV, you’ll be able to study.

6 Subordinating conjunctions ,[object Object]

Adverb clauses are also subordinate clauses.* An adverb clause cannot be a sentence by itself. It needs an independent clause to go along with it to be a complete sentence.[I’m going to take a break] [because I’ve been studying hard.] [Because I’ve been studying hard.] *There are also other kinds of subordinate clauses: adjective clauses, noun clauses, etc. Independent clause + Dependent clause = Complete sentence Just a dependent clause = Not a complete sentence

7 Subordinating conjunctions ,[object Object]

Toefl skills 6 8 more than one clause

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