This presentation is all about man's language and brain development. I created this file as one of my visual aids in our course, Foundation of Language Education.

1. Language and The Brain

2. COMMUNICATE

3. Neurolinguistics - a special branch of linguistics which studies the physical structure of the brain as it relates to language production and comprehension

7. So do dolphins, monkeys, apes and humans. So do dolphins, monkeys, apes and humans. Speaking the Written Word Speaking the Heard Word

9. Dichotic Listening - an experimental technique that has demonstrated a left hemisphere dominance for syllable and word processing.

11. Example: transcendental medication fire extinguisher fire distinguisher transcendental meditation

13. Example: long story short long shory stort use the door to open the key use the key to open the door loop before you leak look before you leap

15. Example: great ape gray tape 'Don't cry for me, Marge and Tina’. 'Row, row, row your boat…Life is a but a dream’. 'Row, row, row your boat…Life's a butter dream’. ‘ Don’t cry for me, Argentina’.

16. Aphasia Serious Disorders in Brain Function - an impairment of language function due to localized brain damage that leads to difficulty in understanding and / or producing linguistic forms

20. Example: I eggs and eat and drink coffee breakfast. Ah ... Monday ... ah, Dad and Paul and Dad ..went... hospital. Two ... ah, doctors ... and ah ... thirty minutes ... and yes ... ah ... hospital. And, er, Wednesday ... nine o'clock. And er Thursday, ten o'clock ... doctors. Two doctors ... and ah... teeth. Yeah,... fine.

22. Example: Examiner: What kind of work have you done? -- We, the kids, all of us, and I, we were working for a long time in the... You know... it's the kind of space, I mean place rear to the spedawn...

23. Examiner: Excuse me, but I wanted to know what kind of work you have been doing. -- If you had said that, we had said that, poomer, near the fortunate, porpunate, tamppoo, all around the fourth of martz. Oh, I get all confused.

25. Example: velitision for television vaysse for base fosh for wash

26. When did you learn to speak?

27. First language Acquisition Language acquisition is the study of the processes through which learners acquire language. By itself, language acquisition refers to first language acquisition , which studies infants' acquisition of their native language.

28. Caregiver speech a - a characteristically simplified speech style adopted by someone who spends a lot of time interacting with a young child. - featured with the use of question, often using exaggerated intonation, extra loudness, and a slower tempo with longer pauses.

31. One-word stage - is characterized by speech in which single terms are uttered for everyday objects. Example: milk cookie cat cup spoon

32. Two-word stage - this can begin around eighteen to twenty months, as the child’s vocabulary moves beyond fifty words. Example: mommy come daddy sit baby eat

33. Telegraphic Speech - characterized by strings of words in phrases or sentences Example: this shoe all wet cat drink milk daddy go bye-bye

34. Developing morphology By the time a child is two-and-a-half years old, he or she is incorporating some of the inflectional morphemes that indicate the grammatical function of the nouns and verbs.

35. Example: cat sitt ing mommy read ing book foot s man s go ed come d

36. Developing syntax - young children are able to use syntactic structures on their own way.

37. Example: Adult: The owl who eats candy runs fast. Child: owl eat candy and he run fast Adult: I'm having this little one. Child: Me'll have that.

38. Developing semantics One interesting feature of the young child’s semantics is the way certain lexical relations are treated.

39. Example: Hyponymy animal – dog – poodle plants – flowers – rose

40. I come it closer so it won’t fall. (bring it closer) Mommy, can you stay this open? (keep this open)

43. Acquisition vs. Learning (Krashen) Acquisition is a process by which children unconsciously acquire their native language. Learning is a conscious knowledge of a second language, knowing the rules, being aware of them, and being able to talk about them.

44. Approaches Grammar-translation method Vocabulary lists and sets of grammar rules are used to define the target of learning, memorization is encouraged, and written language rather than spoken language is emphasized.

46. Communicative approaches - it’s partially a reaction against the artificiality of ‘pattern-practice.’ - it’s against the belief that consciously learning the grammar rules will necessarily result in an ability to use the language

47. Communicative Competence - the general ability to use language accurately, appropriately, and flexibly.

48. Grammatical competence Concentration on grammatical competence only, however, will not provide the learner with the ability to interpret or produce L2 expressions appropriately.

49. Sociolinguistic Competence The ability to use appropriate language. Strategic Competence The ability to organize a message effectively and to compensate, via strategies, for any difficulties.

50. Applied Linguistics - is an interdisciplinary field of study that identifies, investigates, and offers solutions to language-related real-life problems.