The nursing process is a systematic, cyclical approach to planning and providing patient care. It consists of five core phases - assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation. Assessment involves collecting patient data through various methods like interviews, examinations, and record reviews. Diagnosis identifies the patient's actual or potential health problems. Planning develops goals and interventions. Implementation puts the care plan into action. Evaluation assesses the patient's response to interventions and progress toward goals. The nursing process provides structure and organization to nursing care and aims to promote optimal patient outcomes.