This document discusses early European voyages to the Americas in the 15th and 16th centuries. It describes voyages led by Henry the Navigator of Portugal who sought to expand trade and spread Christianity. It then discusses voyages by Bartolomeu Dias and Vasco da Gama who sought a sea route to India to bypass Arab middlemen. It also summarizes the four voyages of Christopher Columbus who was seeking a western route to Asia but instead discovered new lands for Spain. Finally, it outlines Ferdinand Magellan's voyage which was the first to circumnavigate the globe, though Magellan did not complete the voyage as he was killed in the Philippines.

1. G lory, G od and G old
Voyages and
Adventures
A merica 1500

2. Henr t Na igaor
y he v t
To bring Portugal more
trade and power and
to spread
Christianity, this
prince sponsored
expeditions beyond
the safety of the
Mediterranean.
Glory, God or Gold?

3. Beyond DakestA ica
r fr
The Portuguese yearned
to find a sea route to
India to thwart Arab
“middlemen” who
controlled overland
routes, keeping prices of
pepper and other spices
high by keeping supplies
low.
Glory, God or Gold?

4. Bat omeu Dia
rhol s
A fierce, 13 day storm
blew his ship off course
rounding the tip of
Africa. He only realized
how far he had gone
when the skies cleared.
Why do you think the cape
he rounded (though he
never saw it) was named
“The Cape of Good Hope”?
Glory, God or Gold?

5. V sco daG ma
a a
In his first voyage, da Gama
managed to reach Calicut in
India (his goal) and sail
home.
The ruler of Calicut,
(Samuri) welcomed da
Gama: “The devil take ye!”
and was scornful da Gama
had not brought valuable
presents.

7. DaG ma Second Tip
a ’s r
Da Gama left better prepared the
second time, with 14 well armed ships
instead of two. Priests and religious
processions sent him off with blessings.
But he didn’t bring gifts:
He demanded surrender of all valuables from a
ship filled with 380 Muslim pilgrims. When
they delayed he took the valuables—22,000
ducats worth—then burned the ship and
everyone on it.
At Calicut, he seized a fishermen and
traders in the harbor, hanged them, cut up
their bodies, and sent the hands, feet, and
heads to the haughty Samuri. He left 5
ships of soldiers to secure the trading city.
Glory, God or Gold?

8. Chr opherCol
ist umbus
Strengths:
• Belief in self and abilities
• Faith in his idea of reaching
the Indies and China
by sailing West
• Abilities as a sailor
• Luck
Weaknesses:
• Belief in self and abilities—
made him arrogant and
cruel to crew and natives
• Faith in his idea of reaching
the Indies and China by
sailing West—made him
foolhardy in holding to the
idea he’d reached the Indies.

9. F stV ge: Discov y
ir oya er
• Crew: 87, 84 Andalucian • Failures: didn’t really find
sailors. Only 4 criminals the Indies or China; didn’t
seeking pardons find the riches expected
• Problems: superstitions of • Successes: found new lands
crew (sea monsters, fall off
edge of world)—Columbus for Spain, found western and
disciplined severely, eastern routes that took full
minimized distances (falsely) advantage of prevailing
so they wouldn’t know how currents and winds
far they’d gone.

10. Second V ge: W
oya hoops!
17 ships with 1200 men (6 300 died of disease. A hurricane
of them priests to convert destroyed all of the ships. Patching
the “Indians”) set out to together two ships from the scraps,
find Indies spices and gold Columbus limped home in disgrace.

11. T d V ge: W 2
hir oya hoops
Natives turned unfriendly and
With 6 Ships, few volunteers forced them to leave. Ships
and many convicts, Columbus wormy and food rotten, but
set out to redeem himself. colonists wouldn’t help and
First hope—Natives brought Indians refused them food. After
Columbus and his crew gold word of Indian killings reached
nuggets to trade at Hispaniola the monarchs, Columbus and his
brother were brought back to
Spain in chains.

12. F t V ge: Defea
ourh oya t
Privately funded, not patroned Although he sailed along
by Ferdinand and Isabella, the coast of South
Columbus was still “Admiral,” America, he found no
but had no governing powers riches, nor traces of the
over colonists. Indies or China and
returned to Spain defeated.
Glory, God or Gold?

13. F dina M gela
er nd a l n
Inspired by a friend who
was both astrologer and
cartographer, Magellan
determined he could
circumnavigate the globe..
Spurned by his native
Portugal, he gained
funding and patronage
from Spain.
He set out to accomplish
Columbus’ goal, to reach
the Indies and China by
sailing West

14. M gela V ge
a l n’s oya
Although the voyage is attributed to Magellan, he did not succeed in
the circumnavigating globe. He was killed on the island of Mactan.

15. Obstacles & Problems
Magellan and his crew suffered all of the following as he searched
for a western sea passage around South America:
• Finding many places along • Combating the mutiny of
the coast that looked like sea three out of his five ships. To
passages that were just bays quell it, he had to kill the
and inlets captain of one of the ships,
• Running out of food and then block passage of the
supplies. He thought he had other two.
supplies for two years. His • Meeting greedy natives who
suppliers in Spain swarmed over his ships and
fraudulently gave him six took everything that wasn’t
months worth. (He and the nailed down.
crew ate fresh fish and game, • Navigating through one of the
rats and wormy biscuits, most treacherous passages of
even, oxhide bindings, and rock-lined water in the world:
drank water contaminated the strait named for him.
with rat urine.

16. M gela Deah
a l n’s t
On an island in the Philippines, a
native chieftain pretended to be
Christian to enlist Magellan’s aid
to fight a neighboring chieftain.
Once on the island, Magellan was attacked by the
chief and his men. He was repeatedly wounded by
natives armed with poisoned arrows, spears and
scimitars. He could have retreated and saved himself,
but covered his fleeing men, fighting while the rest
rowed back to the ships.

17. Concl t V ge
uding he oya
 One by one the ships  The total time of the
fell apart. voyage was 12 days
 The Portuguese less than three years.
imprisoned some of  As penitence, the 18
the men in islands survivors walked
near Spain barefoot carrying
 Only 18 of the 250 candles to the shrine
men landed back at of the Virgin Mary.
Seville.
Glory, God or Gold?