This document discusses several trends affecting the refrigeration and air conditioning sector including increasing population, urbanization, energy demand, and cooling needs. It notes that the Montreal Protocol is on target for phasing out ozone-depleting substances but that hydrofluorocarbon emissions are rising and projected to contribute significantly to global warming. Several policy developments aim to control hydrofluorocarbons including proposed amendments to the Montreal Protocol and regional regulations. Challenges in the transition to low-global warming potential alternatives are also covered.

1. Opening Remarks
Jim Curlin
United Nations Environment Programme
Division of Technology, Industry & Economics
OzonAction Branch
Paris, France
Jim.curlin@unep.org

2. Montreal Protocol on target
2012 Millennium Development Goals Report, pg 48 © United Nations

3. Population is growing
The world's population reached 7 billion on 31 October 2011 ©UN Photo/Rick Bajornas

4. Urbanization is spreading
Dhaka © UN Photo/Kibae Park

5. Cooling needs are increasing
A throng of shoppers in Myungdong, downtown Seoul © UN Photo/Kibae Park | Air conditioners © Shutterstock
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6. Energy demand is rising
International Energy Agency’ Energy Technology Perspectives 2012 , pg 183, figure 5.6 © OECD/IEA 2012

7. Global final energy demand
46%
Heating
& cooling
International Energy Agency’ Energy Technology Perspectives 2012 , pg 176 © OECD/IEA 2012

8. RAC sector is innovating
HFCs: A Critical Link in Protecting the Climate and Ozone Layer: A UNEP Synthesis Report, pg © UNEP 2011

9. HCFC phase out schedules

10. Emissions are rising
Atmospheric CO2 data. Preliminary weekly (red line), monthly (blue line) and daily (black points) averages at Mauna Loa for the last year © NOAA 2013

11. HCFC trends
Ozone Secretariat Article 7 data as of 5 June 2013 © UNEP 2013

12. HFC issue is mostly RAC
RAC equipment in homes, buildings & industrial operations
account for about 55%of total HFC use in 2010, MAC accounts
for about 24%
HFC emissions growing 8% per year
Annual emissions projected to rise 3.5-8.8 Gt CO2
-eq in
2050, equivalent to 7-19%of CO2
emissions
HFCs: A Critical Link in Protecting the Climate and Ozone Layer: A UNEP Synthesis Report © UNEP 2011

13. HFC growth scenarios
HFCs: A Critical Link in Protecting the Climate and Ozone Layer: A UNEP Synthesis Report, pg 10 © UNEP 2011

14. Policy developments
European
F-Gas
Regulations
2006/2012

15. Policy developments
Rio+20
Conference
June 2012
“The Future We
Want”

16. Policy developments
Proposed
Amendments to
Montreal
Protocol to
Control HFCs
2009-2013
Mauritius & Federated
States of Micronesia
Canada, Mexico & USA

17. Some initiatives on HFCs

18. Some Challenges
Commercialization of new refrigerants
Availability of low-GWP equipment
Servicing infrastructure
Safety
Certification schemes
High ambient temperatures
Standards
Contaminated/counterfeit refrigerants
Illegal trade
RAC industry associations

19. Thinking creatively
Zeer "pot-in-pot" cooling device developed by Nigerian teacher Mohammed Bah Abba © Rolex Awards/Tomas Bertelsen
32% of all food produced in
the world was lost or wasted in
2009 (FAO 2011)
1 out of every 4 food
calories intended for people is
ultimately not consumed by
them
(UNEP/WRI 2013)