2. Basic Principles:
• Force that is applied at one point is
transmitted to another point using an
incompressible fluid.
• The fluid is almost always an oil of
some sort.
• The force is almost always multiplied
in the process.
MPC2006 2
3. Fundamental laws of hydraulics:
• Hydraulic pumps create flow - not pressure.
• Resistance to flow creates pressure.
• Flow determines actuator speed.
• Pressure determines actuator force.
• Fluid under pressure takes the path of least
resistance. When fluid moves from an area
of high pressure to an area of low pressure
(pressure drop) without performing useful
work, heat is generated.
MPC2006 3
4. Damage to system
Common causes:
• Contaminated hydraulic fluid
• Bad maintenance practices
• Overheating
MPC2006 4
5. Contaminants of hydraulic fluid
include:
• solid particles
• Sediments
• air
• water
• other matter that impairs the
function of the fluid.
MPC2006 5
6. How does MT-10 improve hydraulic
working?
• Reduces friction in pump and valves
• Reduces temperature
• Works even when water contamination
• Cleans blocked lines
• Reduces particle wear
MPC2006 6
7. How solid particle contamination
accelerates wear of hydraulic
components:
• When a pump or motor is worn or damaged,
internal leakage increases and therefore the
flow available to do useful work decreases
• The rate at which damage occurs is
dependent on the internal clearance of the
components within the system, the size and
quantity of particles present in the fluid, and
system pressure.
• Particles larger than the component's
internal clearances are not necessarily
dangerous. MPC2006 7
8. How solid particle contamination
accelerates wear of hydraulic
components:
• Particles the same size as the internal
clearances cause damage through friction.
• The most dangerous particles in the long term
are those that are smaller than the component's
internal clearances.
• Particles as small as 10 microns (a grain of salt
is 100 microns) can cause severe damage to a
hydraulic system and particles smaller than 5
microns are highly abrasive. If present in
sufficient quantities, these invisible 'silt' particles
cause rapid wear, destroying hydraulic pumps
and other components. MPC2006 8
9. How solid particle contamination
accelerates wear of hydraulic
components:
• The most dangerous particles in the long term are
those that are smaller than the component's internal
clearances. Particles as small as 10 microns (a grain
of salt is 100 microns) can cause severe damage to a
hydraulic system and particles smaller than 5 microns
are highly abrasive. If present in sufficient quantities,
these invisible 'silt' particles cause rapid wear,
destroying hydraulic pumps and other components.
MPC2006 9
10. Solid particles: Three-body
abrasion
• When hydraulic fluid is contaminated with
hard particles that are the same size as the
clearance between two lubricated surfaces, a
process known as three-body abrasion
occurs.
• Three-body abrasion results in scoring and
heavy wear of sliding surfaces
MPC2006 10
11. How does MT-10 help?
• MT-10 changes the surface polarity of ferrous
metal to positive
• Contaminates, such as wear particles,
environmental dirt and oil precipitates all have
a positive charge
• Therefore the MT-10 makes the metal surfaces
repellant to these contaminants.
MPC2006 11
12. How does MT-10 help: Particles
• By making the surface polarity of ferrous metals positive
the MT-10 will clean the metal surfaces
• The contaminates, will return/be reabsorbed into the oil
• This will INCREASE PPM of metal particles in the oil
• This may INCREASE oil viscosity
MPC2006 12
13. MT-10 in gear pumps
• Wear caused by particles leads to internal
leaking
• The MT-10 stops particles adhering to the
metal surfaces, thus reduces wear damage.
• The particles continue circulating with the oil
where they can be trapped by the filters.
MPC2006 13
14. Wear caused by inadequate
installation of pump
• A common misconception among
maintenance personnel with limited training
in hydraulics, is that because oil circulates
through hydraulic components in operation,
no special attention is required during
installation, beyond fitting the component
and connecting its hoses. Nothing could be
further from the truth.
• After a hydraulic motor is installed, its case
should be filled with clean prior to start-up.
Starting a piston-type motor or pump
without doing so, is similar to starting an
internal combustion engine with no oil in the
crankcase - premature failure is pretty much
MPC2006 14
guaranteed.
15. How does MT-10 help: Pump
installation
• The presence of MT-10 in the metal surfaces protects the
pump even if installed with no oil.
• In 1998 we received a letter from a hydraulic pump repair
specialist which stated:
– “A pump which is worked without oil takes only 15 seconds to seize
with damage to the faces of the pump as well as bushings or
bearings. Once MT-10 was applied to the hydraulic oil a test was
run for 15 minutes with a constant pressure of 1000 P.S.I. and
40oC, with a displacement of 5 G.P.M.then the pump was operated
without oil at 1750 R.P.M. during 3.5 minutes reaching
temperatures of 250oC. We stopped the machine and let the
hydraulic pump cool down. When disassembled the pump showed
no signs of wear on the faces of the gears and no wear was found
on the bearings or shafts in spite of the temperatures reached”
MPC2006 15
16. Loss of lubrication: Two-body
abrasion
• In gear piston designs, friction is generated by the
meshing of the gear teeth. The teeth have to be an
exact fit to avoid loss of pressure.
• In axial piston designs, the cylinder barrel is
hydrostatically loaded against the valve plate. The
higher the operating pressure, the higher the
hydrostatic force holding the cylinder barrel and valve
plate in contact. However, if operating pressure
exceeds design limits or if the valve plate is not in
proper contact with the cylinder barrel, the cylinder
barrel separates from the valve plate. Once
separation occurs, the lubricating film is lost, the two
surfaces come into contact and a process known as
two-body abrasion occurs.
MPC2006 16
17. How does MT-10 help: Two-body
abrasion
• The MT-10 will significantly reduce
wear even when the lubricating film is
lost.
• This will reduce to a minimum any
chance of two-body abrasion
MPC2006 17
18. Contaminants: Sediments
• When sediments are deposited within system
tubing their effect is similar to cholesterol in a
human body. The increased resistance to flow
increases system pressure,
• Slowing down the system
• Requiring the pump to work harder.
• Leading to increased temperature of operation
• Sediments may also cause pistons or valves to
jam.
MPC2006 18
19. How does MT-10 help: System
Obstruction
• MT-10’s effect of changing the surface
polarity leads to a general cleaning of the
system once the product is added to the oil
• Thus MT-10 is like ‘oatmeal’ for a hydraulic
system and will unblock the tubes, reducing
pressure on the pumps and allowing the
machine to respond faster.
• The cleaning effect of MT-10 also will permit
sticking parts to move smoothly and – if the
problem is small wear particles – jammed
parts to be freed and work again.
MPC2006 19
20. Overheating
• Continuing to operate a hydraulic
system when the fluid is over-
temperature is similar to operating an
internal combustion engine with high
coolant temperature. Damage is
guaranteed.
MPC2006 20
21. High oil temperature:
• Reduces oil viscosity
– Which provokes increased wear
– Which Shortens parts service life
• Dries out seals and washers
– Which allows oil to leak from pistons
– Which also allows environmental
particles to enter hydraulic system
MPC2006 21
22. Why do hydraulic systems
overheat?
• Heating of hydraulic fluid in operation is
caused by inefficiencies. Inefficiencies result
in losses of input power, which are converted
to heat. A hydraulic system's heat load is
equal to the total power lost (PL) through
inefficiencies and can be expressed as:
– PLtotal = PLpump + PLvalves + PLplumbing +
PLactuators
• If the total input power lost to heat is greater
than the heat dissipated, the hydraulic
system will eventually overheat.
MPC2006 22
23. Solving overheating problems
• There are two ways to solve overheating
problems in hydraulic systems:
• Decrease heat load
• Increase heat dissipation
• Decreasing heat load is always the preferred
option because it increases the efficiency of
the hydraulic system.
MPC2006 23
24. How does MT-10 help:
Overheating
• Reducing friction in the pump reduces
temperature
• Reducing friction in the valves reduces
temperature
• Reducing blockages in the pipes
reduces system pressure and
increases pump efficiency, reducing
temperature.
MPC2006 24
25. Benefits of MT-10 :
Overheating
• MT-10 helps oils maintain better viscosity
• Helps heat dissipation systems to continue
working within acceptable limits
• Overheating dries out seals, reducing their
flexibility and provoking oil leaks.
• When MT-10 reduces temperature it helps
extend the life of seals, preventing leaks and
the entry of contaminants into the system.
MPC2006 25
26. Contaminants: Water
• Water in hydraulic fluid can attack
certain seal materials, cause
corrosion of metal surfaces,
decrease lubricity in the fluid
and decrease bearing life.
• For example, as little as .02%
water mixed in with the hydraulic
oil will reduce bearing life by
50%. (Source: Machine Design,
July 1986, "How Dirt and Water
Affect Bearing Life" by the Timken
Bearing Company.) Water can
enter the hydraulic system
through worn pump, motor, and
cylinder seals
MPC2006 26
27. Benefits of MT-10:
Water contamination
• MT-10 impregnates the metal surface so it
does not wash out.
• MT-10 is heavier than water, allowing it to
reach metal surfaces even if there is water
contamination
• MT-10 contains sophisticated technology
against corrosion, reducing significantly the
risk of rusting in the case that oil is
contaminated by water.
MPC2006 27
28. Summary: How does MT-10 improve
hydraulic working?
• Reduces friction in pump and valves
• Reduces temperature
• Works even when water contamination
• Cleans blocked lines
• Reduces particle wear
• Reduces oxidation
MPC2006 28
