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Sharq Elneil College
School of Medical Laboratory Sciences
    Department of Microbiology
   Medical Bacteriology course



NEISSERIA
  Dr.Mahadi Hassan Mahmoud
        mahadi2010sd@yahoo.com
       Bsc, Msc, MIBMS Microbiology
Neisseria ppt mahadi
Classification
 Family   Neisseriaceae
 genera Neisseria, Kingella, Eikenella,
  Simonsiella, Alysiella, and several unnamed
  species
General properties
 It’s aerobic G -ve kidney shape diplococci
  found intracellular (inside pus cells) and
  extracellular, non motile and non spore
  forming.
 Catalase and Oxidase     +ve.
 Can’t grow on ordinary culture media need
  chocolate agar with 5% CO2 (capnophilic).
 Not found as normal flora or comensals
  (primary human pathogens).
 Produce γ-glutamyl aminopeptidase
Neisseria ppt mahadi
Species of medical importance

 Neisseria gonorrhoeae ----- Gonorrhoea.

 Neisseria menigitidis   ----- Meningitis.

 Branhamella catarrhalis ---- Opportunistic
                                 infection.
Neisseria meningitidis
 Found in nasopharynex in 3-30% of
  carrier individuals.
 Cause meningitis (spread through
  inhalation and characterized by
  frontal head ache high grade fever
  and stiff neck.
Neisseria ppt mahadi
 Septicemia.
 Rarely cause pneumonia,
 endophthalmitis and arthritis.
 Complication of the disease
 includes DIC, septic shock, and
 adrenal haemorrhage.
Virulence Factor
 Polysaccharide capsule (13
  serogroup the most pathogenic is
  A,B,C,Y, and W-135).
 Pili.
 IgA protease.
 Endotoxins.
Pathogenicity of N. meningitidis

 Pyogenic (purulent) meningitis
( a sudden onset with intense
  headache, vomiting and a stiff
  neck)
 Meningococcal septicaemia.
 Chronic meningococcal arthritis.
Laboratory diagnosis
 Specimens:
   Neisseria meningitidis:
   C.S.F.
   Blood.
   Nasopharyngeal swab.
  Transport media is Aimies or
   Stuart transport media.
 Direct Gram stain:

  G ram Negative kidney shape
  diplococci intra and extracellular.
Neisseria ppt mahadi
Neisseria ppt mahadi
Culture:
 Chocolate agar with a 5-10% CO2.
 Blood Agar.
Blood cultures
Meningococci grow well in
 Columbia diphasic medium Because
  sodium polyanethol sulphonate (SPS) may
  be inhibitory to meningococci.
 add sterile gelatin (1% final concentration)
  to neutralize the effect of SPS.
 Subculture a positive blood culture onto
  chocolate agar and incubate in a carbon-
  dioxide enriched atmosphere
Incubation:

  At 37ºC in candle jar for 24-48 hrs.
 Colonial morphology:
  small, gray, translucent and raised.
 Biochemical reaction:
  Oxidase +ve.
  Catalse +ve.
Rabid Carbohydrate Utilization test:



               Glucose      Maltose

 Neisseria     + (Acid)     + (Acid)
meningitidis
Neisseria ppt mahadi
Serology
 Neisseria meningitidis are capsulate
   Direct from C.S.F.
   From culture incase of gonococci.
 Molecular technique:
   Using Nucleic acid probe for detection
    of gonococcal DNA by using PCR.
Antimicrobial susceptibility
            testing
 Ceftriaxone
 Penicillin
 Chloramphenicol
 Ampicillin
 Trimethoprimsulphonate
Control and prevention
 Diagnosis:
 Vaccines: A conjugate meningococcal vaccine
 quadrivalent polysaccharide vaccine. MCV4 is a
  tetravalent vaccine that contains capsular
  polysaccharides from serogroups A, C, W-135,
  and Y conjugated to diphtheria toxoid.
 Prophylaxis: Rifampin is usually used to treat
  family members of an infected individual; the
  drug is effective in eliminating the carrier state.
  Other drugs used for prophylaxis include oral
  ciprofloxacin and intramuscular ceftriaxon
Virulence factor
 Pili --- most important virulence
  factors helping the gonococci to
  stick on the epithelial cells.
 IgA protease that cleave IgA on
  mucosal surface.
 Lipopolysaccharide damage
  tissue and prevent phagocytosis.
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
 Cause a sexually transmitted disease
  (gonorrhoea).
 In male appears as acute urethritis with
  purulent discharge.
 In female infect the endocervic
  resulting in vaginal discharge and
  dysuria. 50% of females are a
  symptomatic carrier. Could lead to
  pelvic inflammatory disease and
  sterility.
 Disseminated gonococcal infection
  appears as arthritis and septcemia.
 gonococci occasionally isolated from
  mouth and anus from homosexual
  and unusual sexual activities.
 Opthalmia neonatorum is an eye
  infection to a neonate during
  delivery
Neisseria ppt mahadi
Laboratory diagnosis
 Specimens:
  N.gonorrhoeae:   (avoid using
  cotton or calcium alignament
  swab use Rayon or Dacron swab)
  Urethral swab.
  Endocervical swab.
  Eye swab.
  Throat swab and Rectal swab.
Culture:
 Chocolate agar with a 5-10% CO2.
 Selective media for gonococci:
   Thayer-Martin media chocolate agar
    contain:
    Vancomycin for G+ve
    Colistin for G-ve.
    Nystatin for fungi and Yeast.
  Modified Thayer-Martin media:
    Addition of Trimethoprim which kill swarming
     proteus species.
Neisseria ppt mahadi
Martin-Lewis:
  Contain Anisomycin instead of
   Nystatin

Modified New York City media
 contain:
  Vancomycin.
  Colistin.
  Amphotericin B
  Trimethoprim
Incubation:

  At 37ºC in candle jar for 24-48 hrs.
 Colonial morphology:
  small, gray, translucent and raised.
 Biochemical reaction:
  Oxidase +ve.
  Catalse +ve.
Rabid Carbohydrate Utilization test:
                  Glucose    Maltose


    Neisseria     + (Acid)      -
   gonorrhoeae

    Neisseria     + (Acid)   + (Acid)
   meningitidis

  Branhamella        -          -
   catarrhalis
Neisseria ppt mahadi
Neisseria ppt mahadi
Antimicrobial susceptibility testing

 Penicillin
 Tetracycline
 Cefoxitin, and/or spectinomycin
 Penicillin-resistant organisms due to
  penicillinase-producing
  N.gonorrhoeae
 third-generation cephalosporins
Moraxella
 nonmotile
 gram-negative coccobacilli that
 are generally found in pairs.
 Moraxella are aerobic, oxidase-
 positive
 fastidious organisms that do not
 ferment carbohydrates.
 The most important pathogen
  in the genus is Moraxella
  (formerly, Branhamella)
  catarrhalis.
 This organism can cause
  infections of the respiratory
  system, middle ear, eye, CNS,
  and joints.
Acinetobacter
Members of the genus
 Acinetobacter
 are nonmotile coccobacilli
 are frequently confused with
 neisseriae in gram-stained
 samples.
 Generally encapsulated
 oxidase-negative
 obligately aerobic
 do not ferment
 carbohydrates. They are
 important nosocomial
 (hospital-acquired)
 pathogens.

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Neisseria ppt mahadi

  • 1. Sharq Elneil College School of Medical Laboratory Sciences Department of Microbiology Medical Bacteriology course NEISSERIA Dr.Mahadi Hassan Mahmoud mahadi2010sd@yahoo.com Bsc, Msc, MIBMS Microbiology
  • 3. Classification  Family Neisseriaceae  genera Neisseria, Kingella, Eikenella, Simonsiella, Alysiella, and several unnamed species
  • 4. General properties  It’s aerobic G -ve kidney shape diplococci found intracellular (inside pus cells) and extracellular, non motile and non spore forming.  Catalase and Oxidase +ve.  Can’t grow on ordinary culture media need chocolate agar with 5% CO2 (capnophilic).  Not found as normal flora or comensals (primary human pathogens).  Produce γ-glutamyl aminopeptidase
  • 6. Species of medical importance  Neisseria gonorrhoeae ----- Gonorrhoea.  Neisseria menigitidis ----- Meningitis.  Branhamella catarrhalis ---- Opportunistic infection.
  • 7. Neisseria meningitidis  Found in nasopharynex in 3-30% of carrier individuals.  Cause meningitis (spread through inhalation and characterized by frontal head ache high grade fever and stiff neck.
  • 9.  Septicemia.  Rarely cause pneumonia, endophthalmitis and arthritis.  Complication of the disease includes DIC, septic shock, and adrenal haemorrhage.
  • 10. Virulence Factor  Polysaccharide capsule (13 serogroup the most pathogenic is A,B,C,Y, and W-135).  Pili.  IgA protease.  Endotoxins.
  • 11. Pathogenicity of N. meningitidis  Pyogenic (purulent) meningitis ( a sudden onset with intense headache, vomiting and a stiff neck)  Meningococcal septicaemia.  Chronic meningococcal arthritis.
  • 12. Laboratory diagnosis  Specimens:  Neisseria meningitidis: C.S.F. Blood. Nasopharyngeal swab.  Transport media is Aimies or Stuart transport media.
  • 13.  Direct Gram stain:  G ram Negative kidney shape diplococci intra and extracellular.
  • 16. Culture:  Chocolate agar with a 5-10% CO2.  Blood Agar.
  • 17. Blood cultures Meningococci grow well in  Columbia diphasic medium Because sodium polyanethol sulphonate (SPS) may be inhibitory to meningococci.  add sterile gelatin (1% final concentration) to neutralize the effect of SPS.  Subculture a positive blood culture onto chocolate agar and incubate in a carbon- dioxide enriched atmosphere
  • 18. Incubation:  At 37ºC in candle jar for 24-48 hrs.  Colonial morphology:  small, gray, translucent and raised.  Biochemical reaction:  Oxidase +ve.  Catalse +ve.
  • 19. Rabid Carbohydrate Utilization test: Glucose Maltose Neisseria + (Acid) + (Acid) meningitidis
  • 21. Serology  Neisseria meningitidis are capsulate  Direct from C.S.F.  From culture incase of gonococci.  Molecular technique:  Using Nucleic acid probe for detection of gonococcal DNA by using PCR.
  • 22. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing  Ceftriaxone  Penicillin  Chloramphenicol  Ampicillin  Trimethoprimsulphonate
  • 23. Control and prevention  Diagnosis:  Vaccines: A conjugate meningococcal vaccine  quadrivalent polysaccharide vaccine. MCV4 is a tetravalent vaccine that contains capsular polysaccharides from serogroups A, C, W-135, and Y conjugated to diphtheria toxoid.  Prophylaxis: Rifampin is usually used to treat family members of an infected individual; the drug is effective in eliminating the carrier state. Other drugs used for prophylaxis include oral ciprofloxacin and intramuscular ceftriaxon
  • 24. Virulence factor  Pili --- most important virulence factors helping the gonococci to stick on the epithelial cells.  IgA protease that cleave IgA on mucosal surface.  Lipopolysaccharide damage tissue and prevent phagocytosis.
  • 25. Neisseria gonorrhoeae  Cause a sexually transmitted disease (gonorrhoea).  In male appears as acute urethritis with purulent discharge.  In female infect the endocervic resulting in vaginal discharge and dysuria. 50% of females are a symptomatic carrier. Could lead to pelvic inflammatory disease and sterility.
  • 26.  Disseminated gonococcal infection appears as arthritis and septcemia.  gonococci occasionally isolated from mouth and anus from homosexual and unusual sexual activities.  Opthalmia neonatorum is an eye infection to a neonate during delivery
  • 28. Laboratory diagnosis  Specimens:  N.gonorrhoeae: (avoid using cotton or calcium alignament swab use Rayon or Dacron swab) Urethral swab. Endocervical swab. Eye swab. Throat swab and Rectal swab.
  • 29. Culture:  Chocolate agar with a 5-10% CO2.  Selective media for gonococci:  Thayer-Martin media chocolate agar contain:  Vancomycin for G+ve  Colistin for G-ve.  Nystatin for fungi and Yeast.  Modified Thayer-Martin media:  Addition of Trimethoprim which kill swarming proteus species.
  • 31. Martin-Lewis:  Contain Anisomycin instead of Nystatin Modified New York City media contain:  Vancomycin.  Colistin.  Amphotericin B  Trimethoprim
  • 32. Incubation:  At 37ºC in candle jar for 24-48 hrs.  Colonial morphology:  small, gray, translucent and raised.  Biochemical reaction:  Oxidase +ve.  Catalse +ve.
  • 33. Rabid Carbohydrate Utilization test: Glucose Maltose Neisseria + (Acid) - gonorrhoeae Neisseria + (Acid) + (Acid) meningitidis Branhamella - - catarrhalis
  • 36. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing  Penicillin  Tetracycline  Cefoxitin, and/or spectinomycin  Penicillin-resistant organisms due to penicillinase-producing N.gonorrhoeae  third-generation cephalosporins
  • 37. Moraxella  nonmotile  gram-negative coccobacilli that are generally found in pairs.  Moraxella are aerobic, oxidase- positive  fastidious organisms that do not ferment carbohydrates.
  • 38.  The most important pathogen in the genus is Moraxella (formerly, Branhamella) catarrhalis.  This organism can cause infections of the respiratory system, middle ear, eye, CNS, and joints.
  • 39. Acinetobacter Members of the genus Acinetobacter  are nonmotile coccobacilli  are frequently confused with neisseriae in gram-stained samples.  Generally encapsulated
  • 40.  oxidase-negative  obligately aerobic  do not ferment carbohydrates. They are important nosocomial (hospital-acquired) pathogens.