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Personal Information
Ecosystems: Design Concerns
  for Net-Enabled Devices
         Dr. Manuel A. Pérez-Quiñones
             http://perez.cs.vt.edu/
    Center for Human-Computer Interaction
                  Virginia Tech
           Blacksburg, VA USA 24060
New challenge

• New problems arise when using a collection
  of devices, problems that were not there
  when we used each individually.
• How do we design the user experience
  when it is dictated by many vendors,
  platforms, protocols, etc?
Massive Proliferation of Devices
Personal Information Ecosystems: Design Concerns for Net-Enabled Devices
Vast amounts of information
How are these devices
          used together?
         • Survey of 220 knowledge workers (Bay
              area, Blacksburg)
         • Trend is toward mobility and multi-function
         • Laptop most common device (96%), more
              than cellphone!
         • Advanced handhelds are replacing laptops
              on particular trips
M. Tungare, M. Pérez-Quiñones (2008) It’s not what you have, but how you use it: Compromises in
mobile device use. CoRR arXiv:0801.4423v1.
Devices Used Together

• Cellphones + laptops (share network)
• Specialization: Music (mp3 player) + laptop
• Context important: multiple mp3 players
• Multi function over simpler devices
  (iPhone, Blackberry, Treo over plain PDA)
Coupling of devices
Some Initial Observations
• How do we study the collection of devices
  together as an interactive unit?
• We need a framework with which to discuss,
  evaluate, study, and design the device collective.
 • Must all devices provide same functionality?
 • Are all pairings equal?
 • Which information goes where?
Mobile And Desktop Apps
 • Are mobile applications just a smaller
   version of their desktop counterpart?
 • Weiser’s ubicomp vision had device sizes.
   Simon Harper’s “one size fits all” hinders
   growth.
 • Must software follow along? Small=phone,
   medium=desktop, large=wall?
   • Do small devices need to be functional
     replicas of the desktop counterparts?
Address Book Example
  • Context and use changes the software
  • e.g. Dial a number
Facebook Example
Devices Are Used Together
  • Set an alarm on your laptop
  • Synchronize your laptop to your desktop,
    phone, ipod
 • Watch the alarm go off...
 Rrrrrrrrrrrrrrring!!!
                  Rrrrrrrrrrrrrrring!!!
                               Rrrrrrrrrrrrrrring!!!
                                              Rrrrrrrrrrrrrrring!!!
To Sync Or Not To Sync

• Synchronization is problematic, error
  prone, difficult to configure...
  • ...and the wrong thing to do?
  • Do we really need full replica of our
    information in all of our devices?
• Two examples from our survey...
Task-based
“Usually my contacts on the phone are
just with numbers while my contacts on
the computer are just with email
addresses (makes sense since I’m using
the former to make calls and the later
[sic] to send emails). [...]”
Context-based
“I have two MP3 players: A small one for the
gym and large one for long travel, etc. and I
do not have the same music on both of
them. It is generally difficult to make the
synchronization software for each player
understand that I do not want it to grab my
entire music library, only the portion that I
want to send to that particular player.”
Personal Information
    Ecosystems

Definition: A personal information ecosystem
is a system of devices and applications that
are present in the information environment
of a user helping the user fulfill his/her
information needs.
Example: Apple iTunes/
                iPod
•   Natural
    information flow
•   Not functional
    replicas of each
    other
•   Easy transition
    between them
•   Individually not as
    useful as in
    ecosystem
Devices As Organisms
• Biotic - living organisms... devices
• Abiotic - environmental factors...
  infrastructure (wi-fi, cables, etc.)
• Removal or introduction of some biotic
  organisms can produce imbalance in
  ecosystem. Abiotic factors support life in the
  ecosystem
Information Is Energy

• Biological ecosystems - flow of energy
  keeps ecosystem in balance
• PI ecosystem - flow of information keeps it
  in balance
Interdependencies
• Symbiosis - one organism obtains food
  from another one, the other one benefits
  from relationship
• PIE examples
 • Laptop + Cellphone together
    gain wireless access
 • iTunes + iPod
Interdependencies
• Commensalism - one organism obtains
  benefits while the other one is not affected
• PIE examples
 • Logitech Harmony remote controls
 • RSS feeds, content syndication, calendar
     subscriptions - benefit the device
     subscribed, no harm to publish
     information
  R. Ball, P.S. Pyla, M.A. Pérez-Quiñones (2007) OSI and ET: originating source of information and
  evidence traceability. CHI 2007 Extended Abstracts, pp. 2261-2266
Interdependencies

• Parasitism - one device benefits while
  harming the other
• PIE Example
 • Email-enabled devices that use POP3 mail
    protocol
  • Bluetooth headsets
Environment
• Biological system - organism congregate
  around sources of energies, predators
  follow prey, water, etc.
• Personal Information system - wi-fi and
  other resources support the flourishing of
  PIE
 • Coffee shops with free wi-fi
 • Companies settle near Internet
    backbone, or near enough power
Equilibrium

• PIE is in equilibrium if information is flowing
  freely through the environment, all
  organisms receiving the required energy
  (information) to support the user’s tasks
• New device or device failure - PIE is out of
  equilibrium until user can fulfill needs
Design Implications

• Device variety and diversity
• Consistency is not the answer
• Filing, synch, data management
• Environment, affordances
• Social norms
Device Diversity
• All devices are not the same
• Variety and diversity of devices is good for
  ecosystem
• Information must flow freely [more content
  syndication, better synchronization
  algorithms, better file management]
• Interdependencies must be factor into
  design and adoption
Balance in PIE

• How do we measure when a PIE is in
  equilibrium?
• What is the impact of introducing a new
  device?
• What is the harm of a device being a
  parasite?
Filing & Data Management

 • Management of data in PIE is becoming a
   significant issue
 • Synch? Not necessarily
 • Data on the cloud makes it always available,
   what impact does this have on the PIE
   (change in the environment)
Consistency Is Not It
• Consistency across devices is difficult to
  define
  • Many iPods work differently
  • Phone lookup in address books is very
    different from phone to desktop
• What makes consistency important?
  Syntactical features? Look vs Feel?
  Conceptual?
Affordances and
      Context of Use
• Sometimes context of use is hard to detect
 • Other times easy if the environment
    supports it
• Consider building environmental support
  for PIE
                            Please Silence
                           Your Cellphones
Social Norms
• Ubiquity is pushing computing into the
  social realm
• Why was Clippy hated so much?
 • Interrupted work, socially inept
 • Social norms dictate how we interact
• Requests, Interruptions, Responses
Discussion

?
             ?

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Personal Information Ecosystems: Design Concerns for Net-Enabled Devices

  • 1. Personal Information Ecosystems: Design Concerns for Net-Enabled Devices Dr. Manuel A. Pérez-Quiñones http://perez.cs.vt.edu/ Center for Human-Computer Interaction Virginia Tech Blacksburg, VA USA 24060
  • 2. New challenge • New problems arise when using a collection of devices, problems that were not there when we used each individually. • How do we design the user experience when it is dictated by many vendors, platforms, protocols, etc?
  • 5. Vast amounts of information
  • 6. How are these devices used together? • Survey of 220 knowledge workers (Bay area, Blacksburg) • Trend is toward mobility and multi-function • Laptop most common device (96%), more than cellphone! • Advanced handhelds are replacing laptops on particular trips M. Tungare, M. Pérez-Quiñones (2008) It’s not what you have, but how you use it: Compromises in mobile device use. CoRR arXiv:0801.4423v1.
  • 7. Devices Used Together • Cellphones + laptops (share network) • Specialization: Music (mp3 player) + laptop • Context important: multiple mp3 players • Multi function over simpler devices (iPhone, Blackberry, Treo over plain PDA)
  • 9. Some Initial Observations • How do we study the collection of devices together as an interactive unit? • We need a framework with which to discuss, evaluate, study, and design the device collective. • Must all devices provide same functionality? • Are all pairings equal? • Which information goes where?
  • 10. Mobile And Desktop Apps • Are mobile applications just a smaller version of their desktop counterpart? • Weiser’s ubicomp vision had device sizes. Simon Harper’s “one size fits all” hinders growth. • Must software follow along? Small=phone, medium=desktop, large=wall? • Do small devices need to be functional replicas of the desktop counterparts?
  • 11. Address Book Example • Context and use changes the software • e.g. Dial a number
  • 13. Devices Are Used Together • Set an alarm on your laptop • Synchronize your laptop to your desktop, phone, ipod • Watch the alarm go off... Rrrrrrrrrrrrrrring!!! Rrrrrrrrrrrrrrring!!! Rrrrrrrrrrrrrrring!!! Rrrrrrrrrrrrrrring!!!
  • 14. To Sync Or Not To Sync • Synchronization is problematic, error prone, difficult to configure... • ...and the wrong thing to do? • Do we really need full replica of our information in all of our devices? • Two examples from our survey...
  • 15. Task-based “Usually my contacts on the phone are just with numbers while my contacts on the computer are just with email addresses (makes sense since I’m using the former to make calls and the later [sic] to send emails). [...]”
  • 16. Context-based “I have two MP3 players: A small one for the gym and large one for long travel, etc. and I do not have the same music on both of them. It is generally difficult to make the synchronization software for each player understand that I do not want it to grab my entire music library, only the portion that I want to send to that particular player.”
  • 17. Personal Information Ecosystems Definition: A personal information ecosystem is a system of devices and applications that are present in the information environment of a user helping the user fulfill his/her information needs.
  • 18. Example: Apple iTunes/ iPod • Natural information flow • Not functional replicas of each other • Easy transition between them • Individually not as useful as in ecosystem
  • 19. Devices As Organisms • Biotic - living organisms... devices • Abiotic - environmental factors... infrastructure (wi-fi, cables, etc.) • Removal or introduction of some biotic organisms can produce imbalance in ecosystem. Abiotic factors support life in the ecosystem
  • 20. Information Is Energy • Biological ecosystems - flow of energy keeps ecosystem in balance • PI ecosystem - flow of information keeps it in balance
  • 21. Interdependencies • Symbiosis - one organism obtains food from another one, the other one benefits from relationship • PIE examples • Laptop + Cellphone together gain wireless access • iTunes + iPod
  • 22. Interdependencies • Commensalism - one organism obtains benefits while the other one is not affected • PIE examples • Logitech Harmony remote controls • RSS feeds, content syndication, calendar subscriptions - benefit the device subscribed, no harm to publish information R. Ball, P.S. Pyla, M.A. Pérez-Quiñones (2007) OSI and ET: originating source of information and evidence traceability. CHI 2007 Extended Abstracts, pp. 2261-2266
  • 23. Interdependencies • Parasitism - one device benefits while harming the other • PIE Example • Email-enabled devices that use POP3 mail protocol • Bluetooth headsets
  • 24. Environment • Biological system - organism congregate around sources of energies, predators follow prey, water, etc. • Personal Information system - wi-fi and other resources support the flourishing of PIE • Coffee shops with free wi-fi • Companies settle near Internet backbone, or near enough power
  • 25. Equilibrium • PIE is in equilibrium if information is flowing freely through the environment, all organisms receiving the required energy (information) to support the user’s tasks • New device or device failure - PIE is out of equilibrium until user can fulfill needs
  • 26. Design Implications • Device variety and diversity • Consistency is not the answer • Filing, synch, data management • Environment, affordances • Social norms
  • 27. Device Diversity • All devices are not the same • Variety and diversity of devices is good for ecosystem • Information must flow freely [more content syndication, better synchronization algorithms, better file management] • Interdependencies must be factor into design and adoption
  • 28. Balance in PIE • How do we measure when a PIE is in equilibrium? • What is the impact of introducing a new device? • What is the harm of a device being a parasite?
  • 29. Filing & Data Management • Management of data in PIE is becoming a significant issue • Synch? Not necessarily • Data on the cloud makes it always available, what impact does this have on the PIE (change in the environment)
  • 30. Consistency Is Not It • Consistency across devices is difficult to define • Many iPods work differently • Phone lookup in address books is very different from phone to desktop • What makes consistency important? Syntactical features? Look vs Feel? Conceptual?
  • 31. Affordances and Context of Use • Sometimes context of use is hard to detect • Other times easy if the environment supports it • Consider building environmental support for PIE Please Silence Your Cellphones
  • 32. Social Norms • Ubiquity is pushing computing into the social realm • Why was Clippy hated so much? • Interrupted work, socially inept • Social norms dictate how we interact • Requests, Interruptions, Responses