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2. The principle behind sounds used in Global English is to keep
mouth movements limited with gentle contact.
Larger movements and firm contact produce stronger, harsher
sounds which are not in harmony with Global English.
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3. Lips – p,b,m,w
Lips & Teeth – f,v
Teeth & Tongue(continous) – th,the,s,z
Teeth & Tongue tip(stopped) – t,d
Palatal – ch,j,sh,zh,y,r,l
Velar – k.g.nk.ngc
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P,B,M – Lips come together, gentle contact, release p,b or m. Lips are
not tightly pressed
W - Lips are rounded as if saying oooo
Lips slowly open out into the sound of ‘a’ without the teeth
ever biting the lower lip
F, V – Upper teeth land on lower lip
Release continuous flow of air
V takes vibration instead of air

5. S – Front teeth closed together
Tongue flat behind both sets of teeth
Release continuous flow of air
Z - Same as S but with vibration
Th – Tongue between the front teeth
Continuous flow of air (sounds like s but with tongue between
the teeth. Remember the tongue should not touch the palate)
The – Same as th but with vibration instead of flow (like z with the
tongue between the teeth)
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6. T, D - Tongue tip behind upper teeth
Front teeth closed together
Air released with a click as teeth separate
CH, J - Jaws shut, release ch,j as spoken in hindi language
SH - Same as ch,j with a continous flow of air
ZH - Same placement as sh but with voice
Y - Same as zh but with jaws slightly apart
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7. R - Say aa (tongue is flat)
Curl the tip of the tongue inward very slightly while saying aa
L - Keep the tip of the tongue behind front upper teeth and curl the
tongue up towards the palate (front quarter of tongue is in
contact with palate and not just the tip)
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8. K - Similar to the hindi k with slight puff of air
G - Same placement as k but add voice
NG – Nasal sound. G is not produced from the back of the throat
separately, the sound stays in the nasal cavity
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