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Michael Faraday 1791‐1867 
A timeline of significant events and discoveries 
             
1790                                                                          
1791    22 September  
        Michael Faraday is born in Newington Butts, Surrey 
        (roughly where the Elephant and Castle is today.) His 
        father was a blacksmith and belonged to a small literalist 
        sect of Christianity called the Sandemanians. His mother 
        had been in service in a household in northwest England 
        before they moved to London. 
                                                                        , 



                                                                             A contemporary print Newington Butts in the 1820s
1792 
1793 
1794 
        In the mid 1790s the Faradays move to rooms over a 
1795    coach house in Jacobs Mews, near Manchester Square on 
1796    the western edge of London where they live until 1809. 
1797     
1798     
1799     
1800     
1801     
1802                                                                                                                  
                                                                             Jacobs Mews, from The Life and Letters of Faraday 
1803                                                                         by Henry Bence Jones, 1870 

1804    As a child Faraday attends a ‘common day‐school’ where 
        he learns the rudiments of reading, writing and arithmetic. 
        in 1804, aged 13, he begins running errands for George 
        Riebau, a bookseller and stationer. 
         
1805    7 October  
        Faraday is apprenticed as a bookbinder to George Riebau, 
        who runs a bookshop at 2 Blandford street. During his 
        seven‐year apprenticeship he develops an overriding 
                                                                                                                 
        interest in science, spending time after hours reading the  Riebau’s bookshop, from The Life and Letters of 
        books he binds.                                              Faraday by Henry Bence Jones, 1870 

1806                                                                  
1807                                                                          
1808                                                                          
1809    By 1809 he has begun to keep a ‘philosophical miscellany’ where he records what he reads and 
        performs what experiments he can in the back of the shop. 
1810    Faraday begins to attend meetings at City Philosophical Society and lectures on scientific subjects 
        including electricity by John Tatum, taking careful notes and binding them. 
        30 October 
        Faraday’s father dies 
1811                                                                   
1812    February ‐ April  
        He is given tickets to attend Davy’s last four lectures at the RI by William Dance, who had seen his 
        notes of Tatum’s lectures. Again he takes careful notes and binds them into a book. 
        7 October  
        Faraday’s apprenticeship expires, he is employed as a bookbinder by Henri De La Roche  
        December  
        Faraday sends a letter and his notes of the lectures to Davy. Davy’s reply, dated Christmas Eve is, 
        ‘kind and favourable’. 
         
1813    January  
        Faraday is invited for an interview by Davy, but there is 
        currently no position available at the Royal Institution. A 
        few weeks later the laboratory assistant is dismissed. 
        1 March  
        Davy suggests Faraday for the post and he is appointed 
        laboratory assistant.  
        13 October  
        Davy invites Faraday to accompany him on a tour of the 
        continent as his assistant; Faraday leaves his job to go 
        along.                                                           Souvenir card showing Vesuvius, in Italy, from 
                                                                         Michael Faraday’s scrapbook 
         
1814    June 
        Davy and Faraday travel through Italy and meet Alessandro Volta in Milan. 
         
1815    17 April   
        Davy cuts his tour of the continent short following Napoleon’s escape from Elba and the party return 
        to England.  
        15 May 
        Faraday is reappointed to his post at the Royal Institution 
        From 1815 to 1818 he attends meetings of the City Philosophical Society where he gives his first 
        lectures. 
         
1816    From 1818 to 1822 Faraday works on a project to improve the quality of steel alloys. 
1817                                                                        
1818                                                                        
1819                                                                        
1820                                                                        
21 May                                                                                   Silhouette portrait of 
1821                                                                                             Sarah Barnard from 
        Faraday is appointed Superintendent of the House of the                                  Michael Faraday’s 
        Royal Institution                                                                        scrapbook 
        2 June   
        He marries Sarah Barnard and a few weeks later he makes 
        his confession of faith in the Sandemanian Church      
        3 September 
        He discovers electro‐magnetic rotations (which can be 
        viewed as the principle behind the electric motor) 
1822                                                              
1823    6 March                                                         
        Faraday liquefies a gas (chlorine) for the first time.  
         
1824    Faraday is elected Fellow of the Royal Society in January 
        1824 and shortly after becomes secretary of the 
        Athenaeum Club.  
        He begins work for the joint Royal Society and Board of 
        Longitude committee to improve optical glass; the project 
        takes up a large proportion of his time for the next six 
        years. 
        December  
        He gives his first lectures at the RI. 
         
                                                                                                                            
                                                                       Somerset House, home of the Royal Society, by T. 
                                                                       Rowlandson, from Ackermann's Microcosm of 
                                                                       London, 1808 
1825    7 February 
        Faraday is appointed Director of the Laboratory at the Royal Institution      
        May 
        He discovers bicarburet of hydrogen (benzene) 
        He initiates the Friday Evening Discourses for Royal Institution members and the Christmas Lectures 
        for children 
          
1826                                                                    
1827    Faraday publishes Chemical Manipulation, his only book, his other publications are collections of 
        papers or transcriptions of his lectures.   
        He continues work on the glass project, from December two thirds of his time is spent making and 
        testing glass ingots. 
1828                                                                 
1829    May 
        Faraday’s frustration with the glass project leads to him opening negotiations with the Royal Military 
        Academy, Woolwich. Davy’s death in Geneva helps bring the project to an end and Faraday stays at 
        the Ri, although he is also appointed part time professor at Woolwich and Scientific Adviser to the 
        Admiralty 
1830                                                                   
1831    29 August       
        Faraday discovers electro‐magnetic induction, using an 
        iron ring with two coils of insulated wire, he repeats his 
        experiments and checks the results the next day.  
        October                                                                                                               
        He invents the electro‐magnetic generator.                     L: Faraday’s Induction ring, R: Faraday’s electric 
                                                                       generator from his experimental notebooks. 
         
1832    Faraday receives an honorary doctorate from Oxford University. In July he is appointed Deacon in 
        the Sandemanian Church.  
        From 1832 to 1834 he works on electrochemistry, inventing, with WIlliam Whewell, its 
        nomenclature. 
         
1833    18 February 
        Faraday is appointed first Fullerian Professor of Chemistry at the Royal Institution.   
1834                                                                    
1835    Faraday is awarded a Civil List pension, he initially refuses but, after some controversy, the matter is 
        settled and the pension authorised by the King. 
         
1836    Faraday becomes Scientific Adviser to Trinity House, the 
        General Lighthouse Authority for England and Wales, a 
        post he holds until 1865 and which takes up much of his 
        time.   
        He also invents the "Faraday Cage" and explores the 
        nature of electricity. 



                                                                               Trinity House, contemporary print 
1837 
1838    20 March  
        Faraday’s mother dies  
         
1839    Volume one of Experimental Researches in Electricity is published.  
        Faraday partially retires from lecturing and research due to ill health and does not return to them 
        fully until 1843 
         
1840    15 October 
        Faraday is appointed an Elder of the Sandemanian Church. His duties include preaching and 
        baptising infants.       
1841                                                                     
1842                                                                            
1843                                                                            
1844    Volume two of Experimental Researches in Electricity is published      
        31 March 
        Faraday and 13 others are excluded from the Sandemanian Church for unknown reasons, most are 
        restored several weeks later.  
         
         
1845    13 September                                                                      
        Faraday discovers the magneto‐optical effect  
        September ‐ October 
        Faraday and the geologist Charles Lyell are  appointed to 
        investigate the major explosion at Haswell Colliery and to 
        report to the government. 
        4 November  
        Faraday discovers diamagnetism   
        Faraday’s research over the next ten years leads him to 
        develop electromagnetic field theory. 

                                                                                         Faraday’s magnetic laboratory, Harriet Moore 
1846                                                                                     c1850s 
1847                                                                                      
1848    Faraday is offered the Presidency of the Royal Society but turns it down. 
         
1849    Faraday works on the relation of gravity and electricity  
1850                                                                                      
1851                                                                                      
1852                                                                                      
1853    From the mid 1840s  Faraday researches electromagnetism, culminating in his  
        establishment of the field theory of  electromagnetism in the mid 1850s which,  
        when mathematised by William Thomson  (later Lord Kelvin) and James Clark Maxwell, became (and 
        remains) one of the cornerstones of physics.   
         
1854    6 May    
        Faraday gives a lecture on mental education in which he 
        speaks against spiritualism and table turning. 
1855    Volume three of Experimental Researches in Electricity is 
        published      
                                                                                      
                                                                                      
                                                                                      
                                                                                      
                                                                                      
                     Faraday giving the 1855‐6 Christmas Lectures, Alexander Blaikley


1856    Faraday works on the transmission of light through solutions 
1857                                                                                      
1858    Faraday again declines the offer of Presidency of the Royal    
        Society     
        On the instigation of Prince Albert Faraday is granted a 
        Grace and Favour house at Hampton Court, over the last 
        years of his life he spends increasing amounts of time 
        there. 
         
            The grace and favour house at Hampton Court, occupied 1858‐1967 by the 
                                                                         Faradays. 
1859    Faraday Publishes Experimental Researches in Chemistry and Physics 
         
1860    21 October  
        Faraday is once more appointed an Elder of the Sandemanian Church   
         
1861    Faraday gives his last series of Christmas lectures, The chemical history of a candle 
         
1862    Faraday receives an honorary doctorate from Cambridge University      
        20 June 
        He gives his last lecture at Royal Institution 
1863                                                                    
1864    Faraday is offered and declines the Presidency of the Royal Institution      
        5 June  
        He resigns as Elder in Sandemanian Church 
1865                                                                   
1866                                                                     
1867    25 August     
        Faraday dies at his Grace and Favour house at Hampton 
        Court  
        30 August 
        He is buried in the Sandemanian plot in Highgate 
        Cemetery 
1868     
1869     
1870     




                                                                        Faraday’s grave in Highgate Cemetery, taken in 1931 
 
             

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Michael Faraday

  • 1. Michael Faraday 1791‐1867  A timeline of significant events and discoveries    1790     1791  22 September   Michael Faraday is born in Newington Butts, Surrey  (roughly where the Elephant and Castle is today.) His  father was a blacksmith and belonged to a small literalist  sect of Christianity called the Sandemanians. His mother  had been in service in a household in northwest England  before they moved to London.  ,  A contemporary print Newington Butts in the 1820s 1792  1793  1794  In the mid 1790s the Faradays move to rooms over a  1795  coach house in Jacobs Mews, near Manchester Square on  1796  the western edge of London where they live until 1809.  1797    1798    1799    1800    1801    1802       Jacobs Mews, from The Life and Letters of Faraday  1803    by Henry Bence Jones, 1870  1804  As a child Faraday attends a ‘common day‐school’ where  he learns the rudiments of reading, writing and arithmetic.  in 1804, aged 13, he begins running errands for George  Riebau, a bookseller and stationer.    1805  7 October   Faraday is apprenticed as a bookbinder to George Riebau,  who runs a bookshop at 2 Blandford street. During his  seven‐year apprenticeship he develops an overriding     interest in science, spending time after hours reading the  Riebau’s bookshop, from The Life and Letters of  books he binds.  Faraday by Henry Bence Jones, 1870  1806      1807      1808      1809  By 1809 he has begun to keep a ‘philosophical miscellany’ where he records what he reads and  performs what experiments he can in the back of the shop. 
  • 2. 1810  Faraday begins to attend meetings at City Philosophical Society and lectures on scientific subjects  including electricity by John Tatum, taking careful notes and binding them.  30 October  Faraday’s father dies  1811      1812  February ‐ April   He is given tickets to attend Davy’s last four lectures at the RI by William Dance, who had seen his  notes of Tatum’s lectures. Again he takes careful notes and binds them into a book.  7 October   Faraday’s apprenticeship expires, he is employed as a bookbinder by Henri De La Roche   December   Faraday sends a letter and his notes of the lectures to Davy. Davy’s reply, dated Christmas Eve is,  ‘kind and favourable’.    1813  January   Faraday is invited for an interview by Davy, but there is  currently no position available at the Royal Institution. A  few weeks later the laboratory assistant is dismissed.  1 March   Davy suggests Faraday for the post and he is appointed  laboratory assistant.   13 October   Davy invites Faraday to accompany him on a tour of the  continent as his assistant; Faraday leaves his job to go  along.  Souvenir card showing Vesuvius, in Italy, from  Michael Faraday’s scrapbook    1814  June  Davy and Faraday travel through Italy and meet Alessandro Volta in Milan.    1815  17 April    Davy cuts his tour of the continent short following Napoleon’s escape from Elba and the party return  to England.   15 May  Faraday is reappointed to his post at the Royal Institution  From 1815 to 1818 he attends meetings of the City Philosophical Society where he gives his first  lectures.    1816  From 1818 to 1822 Faraday works on a project to improve the quality of steel alloys.  1817      1818      1819      1820     
  • 3. 21 May   Silhouette portrait of  1821  Sarah Barnard from  Faraday is appointed Superintendent of the House of the  Michael Faraday’s  Royal Institution     scrapbook  2 June    He marries Sarah Barnard and a few weeks later he makes  his confession of faith in the Sandemanian Church       3 September  He discovers electro‐magnetic rotations (which can be  viewed as the principle behind the electric motor)  1822      1823  6 March        Faraday liquefies a gas (chlorine) for the first time.     1824  Faraday is elected Fellow of the Royal Society in January  1824 and shortly after becomes secretary of the  Athenaeum Club.   He begins work for the joint Royal Society and Board of  Longitude committee to improve optical glass; the project  takes up a large proportion of his time for the next six  years.  December   He gives his first lectures at the RI.        Somerset House, home of the Royal Society, by T.  Rowlandson, from Ackermann's Microcosm of  London, 1808  1825  7 February  Faraday is appointed Director of the Laboratory at the Royal Institution       May  He discovers bicarburet of hydrogen (benzene)  He initiates the Friday Evening Discourses for Royal Institution members and the Christmas Lectures  for children     1826      1827  Faraday publishes Chemical Manipulation, his only book, his other publications are collections of  papers or transcriptions of his lectures.    He continues work on the glass project, from December two thirds of his time is spent making and  testing glass ingots.  1828      1829  May  Faraday’s frustration with the glass project leads to him opening negotiations with the Royal Military  Academy, Woolwich. Davy’s death in Geneva helps bring the project to an end and Faraday stays at  the Ri, although he is also appointed part time professor at Woolwich and Scientific Adviser to the  Admiralty  1830     
  • 4. 1831  29 August        Faraday discovers electro‐magnetic induction, using an  iron ring with two coils of insulated wire, he repeats his  experiments and checks the results the next day.   October            He invents the electro‐magnetic generator.   L: Faraday’s Induction ring, R: Faraday’s electric  generator from his experimental notebooks.    1832  Faraday receives an honorary doctorate from Oxford University. In July he is appointed Deacon in  the Sandemanian Church.   From 1832 to 1834 he works on electrochemistry, inventing, with WIlliam Whewell, its  nomenclature.    1833  18 February  Faraday is appointed first Fullerian Professor of Chemistry at the Royal Institution.    1834      1835  Faraday is awarded a Civil List pension, he initially refuses but, after some controversy, the matter is  settled and the pension authorised by the King.    1836  Faraday becomes Scientific Adviser to Trinity House, the  General Lighthouse Authority for England and Wales, a  post he holds until 1865 and which takes up much of his  time.    He also invents the "Faraday Cage" and explores the  nature of electricity.    Trinity House, contemporary print  1837  1838  20 March   Faraday’s mother dies     1839  Volume one of Experimental Researches in Electricity is published.   Faraday partially retires from lecturing and research due to ill health and does not return to them  fully until 1843    1840  15 October  Faraday is appointed an Elder of the Sandemanian Church. His duties include preaching and  baptising infants.        1841      1842      1843      1844  Volume two of Experimental Researches in Electricity is published       31 March  Faraday and 13 others are excluded from the Sandemanian Church for unknown reasons, most are  restored several weeks later.      
  • 5. 1845  13 September     Faraday discovers the magneto‐optical effect   September ‐ October  Faraday and the geologist Charles Lyell are  appointed to  investigate the major explosion at Haswell Colliery and to  report to the government.  4 November   Faraday discovers diamagnetism    Faraday’s research over the next ten years leads him to  develop electromagnetic field theory.    Faraday’s magnetic laboratory, Harriet Moore  1846  c1850s  1847      1848  Faraday is offered the Presidency of the Royal Society but turns it down.    1849  Faraday works on the relation of gravity and electricity   1850      1851      1852      1853  From the mid 1840s  Faraday researches electromagnetism, culminating in his   establishment of the field theory of  electromagnetism in the mid 1850s which,   when mathematised by William Thomson  (later Lord Kelvin) and James Clark Maxwell, became (and  remains) one of the cornerstones of physics.      1854  6 May     Faraday gives a lecture on mental education in which he  speaks against spiritualism and table turning.  1855  Volume three of Experimental Researches in Electricity is  published                 Faraday giving the 1855‐6 Christmas Lectures, Alexander Blaikley 1856  Faraday works on the transmission of light through solutions  1857      1858  Faraday again declines the offer of Presidency of the Royal     Society      On the instigation of Prince Albert Faraday is granted a  Grace and Favour house at Hampton Court, over the last  years of his life he spends increasing amounts of time  there.    The grace and favour house at Hampton Court, occupied 1858‐1967 by the  Faradays. 
  • 6. 1859  Faraday Publishes Experimental Researches in Chemistry and Physics    1860  21 October   Faraday is once more appointed an Elder of the Sandemanian Church      1861  Faraday gives his last series of Christmas lectures, The chemical history of a candle    1862  Faraday receives an honorary doctorate from Cambridge University       20 June  He gives his last lecture at Royal Institution  1863      1864  Faraday is offered and declines the Presidency of the Royal Institution       5 June   He resigns as Elder in Sandemanian Church  1865      1866      1867  25 August      Faraday dies at his Grace and Favour house at Hampton  Court   30 August  He is buried in the Sandemanian plot in Highgate  Cemetery  1868    1869    1870      Faraday’s grave in Highgate Cemetery, taken in 1931