1. Air Pollution and its effect on mankind Dr. Manisha Jain Chemistry Department Acharya Narendra Dev College

3. It is defined as the presence of substances or energy in such quantities and for such duration, which can cause harm to animate or inanimate objects. Air Pollution

5. Standards for air quality Sources and effects of primary pollutants Pollutant SO 2 NO x CO SPM Conc. (ppm) Industrial 120 120 5000 500 Residential 80 80 2000 200 Carbon monoxide Sources Effects Natural Anthropogenic Volcanic eruptions, natural gas emissions, electric discharge during storms, degradation of chlorophyll during autumn Vehicles, industries, fuel combustion, burning of forest debris or agricultural waste, cigarette smoking Toxic, leads to blocking of hemoglobin by forming carboxyhemoglobin and reduces oxygen carrying capacity of blood.

6. Oxides of nitrogen Bacterial action, during thunder storms, Fossil fuel based power plants, automobiles, cigarette smoke (in dangerous concentrations), Industries involving production of nitric acid from ammonia. Human – lung inflammation leading to edema (accumulation of fluid in lungs), NO binds to hemoglobin forming nitroso or met hemoglobin reducing oxygen carrying capacity in blood, eye irritation Plants – Chlorosis (retarded photosynthetic activity), leaf spotting, reduced metabolic activities in plant tissues. Materials/environments – leads to Acid rain, photochemical smog and aerosols. Oxides of sulphur Volcanic eruptions, sea sprays (sulphate ions), Biogenic decomposition Combustion of fossil fuels, petroleum refinery operations, smelting of sulphide ores, manufacture of sulphuric acid, paper making, burning of domestic refuse. Human – intense eye irritation and irritation in respiratory tract, contraction of bronchial muscles resulting in suffocation, bronchitis and lung cancer Plants – chlorosis, leag blotching and reduced crop yield Materials/environments – in presence of moisture leads to corrosion of carbonate based building stones, retardation of drying of paints, enbrittlement of paper, decolourisation and weathering of fabric and leather, Acid rain. Hydrocarbons Trees (methane is major naturally occurring hydrocarbon), Domesticated animals Automobile exhausts, waste burning, solvent evaporation, Industrial processes like processing, storage and transfer of products. Human – carcinogenic effect on lungs, respiratory irritation, affects nervous system, headache, fatigue. Plant s – inhibits photosynthetic activity of leaves by creating clusters of dead cells on upper leaf surface. Materials/environments – Ozone produced by photochemical oxidations cause chemical alteration in synthetic textiles, paper, rubber, polymers making them less elastic and more brittle.

7. Particulates Mineral pollutants, NaCl near oceans, pollens, volcanic ash Stone crushing, combustion process, flyash, metallurgical operations, leaded petrol Fine particulates (size < 2.5 μ) carry adsorbed pollutants on surface and transport them to lungs., Black lung disease, Asbestosis (pulmonary fibriosis), Berylliosis Tobacco smoke containing tar and nicotine is carcinogenic.

9. Control of Photochemical smog Installation of efficient catalytic converters in automobiles Petrol reformulation : Since September 1995, leaded petrol is replaced by unleaded petrol, which is a reformulated gasoline Use of natural gas as an alternative to petrol – Delhi is the first city in world to have all its public ransport run on CNG.

15. 5. Global Dimming Research of about five decades shows that amount of sunlight reaching the earth’s surface has been gradually falling . The particulate in form of soot, ash and other pollutants are major cause of it. This visible air pollution reflects sunlight back into space preventing it to reach the surface Dimming, may disrupt the pattern of world’s rainfall. It might have detrimental effect on Asian monsoon.

16. What are we waiting for ?

17. Start working towards protection of environment Give Earth a Chance

20. THANK YOU !