A strategy to convert the islands of Cape Verde into full energy autonomy. This presentation was made for the course "Regional Material Flow Management" within the International Material Flow Management program. The Institute for Applied Material Flow Management that leads the program was commissioned by the Government of Cape Verde to develop a 100% RE strategy

1. MFM Master Plan
Cape Verde 100%
renewable energy
Mak Đukan
International Master in Material
Flow Management
Environmental Campus Birkenfeld, 2012

2. The greatest danger for most of
us is not that our aim is too high
and we miss it, but that it is too
low and we reach it
Michelangelo

3. 650km from Senegal
QUICK FACTS
ü Population 515 000, low density
ü Area 7500 * smaller than Africa
ü 10 islands of volcanic origin
ü Semi desert climate

4. NATURAL RESOURCES
ü 1800 – 2200 kWh/m2/year average
ü 8 – 5 m/s average wind
ü 11% arable land
ü Water shortages

5. ECONOMY
ü GDP per capita $US 3800
ü Agriculture 8.5%
ü Industry 16%
ü Services 75.5%
ü Export/import 12%
ü Unemployment 21%

6. Material Flow Analysis

7. Dependance
on fossil fuels
95% electricity
from oil in 2010
Increase in
electricity price
Electra increase
in tariff 30%
€/kWh twice
the EU price
Decrease in
purchas. power
Renewable
energy
Energy efficiency
GDP growth
decline

8. Operational
inefficiency
Power losses
are 15% in
Santiago
Lack of price
adjustment
Government
subsidy of
$US4.4 mil/a
Business
restructuring
Inability to
reinvest
Electricity
network gets
worse
Blackouts
effect business
ELECTRA is
BUST !!!
Huge hidden
costs
Electricity
demand rises

9. Energy storage
Grid improvement Financing
Renewable
energy
Energy efficiency
Business
restructuring
Regional MFM
solutions
Σ 100% RES
Participation

10. KNOWLEDGE GAPS
ü Focus on macro generation
ü Energy efficiency not a
important topic
ü Lack of ground work and
field data collection
ü Waste treated only as an
energy resource
ü . . .

11. Conventional approach
How do you power a village in
the middle of nowhere?
Regional MFM approach
How do you create added value
in a village in the middle of
nowhere?

12. Demand analysis
Energy flows
Material
flows
Potential
analysis
Micro
potential
Macro
potential
Efficiency improvement
Solar thermal and PV
Micro wind turbine
Biogas for cooking
Efficient wood
cookstoves
Land management

13. What can we “squeeze out”
of the existing
infrastructure?
What new infrastructure do
we need?
What are the hidden
potentials?
Praia, Santiago

14. PRIORITIZE
Energy consumption
Waste
Material
consumption
Santiago
Population
CLASIFY
Urban
Rural
Tourist
Industrial
IDENTIFY HOTSPOTS
LINK MATERIAL and
ENERGY FLOWS

15. Jatropha
plantation
Nutrient
recovery
Sludge
extraction
Biogas
Incineration
Jatropha
Biodiesel
Terra Preta
Algae growth
Waste water
from Praia
Transport
Heat/cool and
electricity
Electricity
Land
management
Algae
Biodiesel

16. Algae
Biodiesel
Jatropha
Biodiesel Biogas Incineration Terra Preta
Economic
Feasability
Technological
feasability
Social
Acceptance
Job
creation
GHG
reduction
Low
Medium
High
ANALYZE
ALTERNATIVES
STUDY IN DETAIL

17. Who are the stakeholders?
Government
NGO
RE Cluster
Inhabitants
Tourist industry
Electra
International donors
Technology developer
Technology provider
Power
Interest

18. Cape Verde 100% Renewable by 2020

19. 100% Renewable
Energy by 2020
Energy Storage
Grid
Improvement
MFM
Optimization
CORE ISSUES
Increase energy
efficiency
Decrease
distribution losses
Ensure reliable
power supply

20. 2012 20202015
Creating initial
conditions
Demonstration
100%
renewable
PROJECT STAGES

21. 2012 20202015
Short term
goals
ü Electra business
restructuring
ü Facilitate renewable
energy projects
ü Ensure financing until
2020
Medium term
goals
ü Cape Verde 50%
Renewable
ü Decrease technical
loss 50%
ü Sao Vincente-Santo
Antao-Sao-Nicolau
Long term
goals
ü Cape Verde 100%
Renewable
ü Decrease technical
loss 90%
ü Energy storage 30%
final capacity
Study MFM
Optimization
ü Micro generation
ü Energy efficiency
improvement
ü Participation
Implementation
Zero Emission
Islands Cluster
Efficiency gain
10 – 20 %
Decrease need for
macro generation

22. Who are the stakeholders?
NGO??
Inhabitants
Technology providerShort term
goals
Facilitate renewable energy
projects
Promote private
sector investment
Create framework
Self binding target
setting
100% RE in 2020
20% efficiency
gain in 2020
50% RE in 2015
RE One Stop
Shop
Ministry for
renewable energy
RE Think Thank
Feed In Tariff
Tax break
Microfinance

23. VISION GREEN
TOURISM
Green Resorts Standards
Boavista increase in
total energy demand
from 9% to 15%
Thermal conductivity limit
of building materials
Low E Glass
Triple Window Glazing
Wall Insulation
Tax breaks according
to performance

24. Medium term
goals
Zero Emission Islands Cluster
Sao Vincente could power the
cluster at a lower cost
107.6&
22.7&
6.4&
192.9&
96.6&
54&
83&
222&
161&
Sao&Vincente&& Santo&Antao&& Sao&Nicolau&&
Comparison of energy demand,
potential and costs !
Demand&(GWh)& PotenCal&(GWh)& LCOE&(EUR/MWh)&&

25. Source: Gesto Energy

26. Long term
goals
Scale up energy storage capacity
Cape Verde has
70MW of identified
potential (22% of
demand in 2020)
Natural gas
powered
NO GO:
Venture
capital
investments
Short discharge time
Small power rating (up
to 1MW)
Source: EPRI, 2010, p9

27. Long term
goals
Sodium sulfur battery
+ −
Demonstrated in over
190 sites in Japan
Largest instalation
34MW, 245 MWh
89% efficiency
6 hour peak shaving
Source: EPRI, 2010, p23
Costs 2300 – 2500 EUR/
kW
4500 cycles or 12 years
Limited suppliers
Safety issues

28. Long term
goals
Energy storage solutions for Cape
Verde
Submarine cables and pumped
hydro utilization
Battery systems
Storage of energy in drinking water
Other – comparative analysis
needed

29. Financing

30. 100% Renewable Energy Scenario
based on Gesto study
Methodology (by island)
Energy demand in 2020
Current RE production
Gap analysis
Calculate total CAPEX
and LCOE by island
Derive figure for
EUR/kWh
46%$
38%$
14%$
2%$
Source in 100% Renewable !
Wind$$
Solar$
Hydro$$
Waste$$
Macro generation of 670 GWh in
2020

31. Main findings
EUR 625 million for
CAPEX and O&M
LCOE in 2020
0.13 EUR/kWh
MFM Optimization,
submarine cables, grid
and energy storage
(except hydro) not
included
Source: Gesto Energy

32. 0"
100"
200"
300"
400"
500"
600"
700"
800"
2012" 2013" 2014" 2015" 2016" 2017" 2018" 2019" 2020" 2021"
GWh!
Comparison of BAU and Energy efficiency 20%
scenario!
Demand"(GWh)" RE"Produc>on"(GWh)" Demand"EF"20%"(GWh)"
167 Mil EUR of savings
Diesel LCOE=250 EUR/MWh
33 Mil EUR savings
from MFM Optimization

33. 0"
50"
100"
150"
200"
250"
300"
San*ago"" Boavista"" Sao"Vincente" Sal" Fogo" Maio" Sao"Nicolau"" Santo"Antao" Brava""
Thousand ! Comparison of energy production, CAPEX and LCOE by island in
2020!
Energy"(GWh)" Capital"expenditure"(EUR)"
Levelized"Cost"of"Electricity"(EUR/MWh)" Linear"(Levelized"Cost"of"Electricity"(EUR/MWh))"
Lower the CAPEX, higher the production costs

34. 0"
50"
100"
150"
200"
250"
300"
Boavista"" Brava"" Maio" Sao"Nicolau"" Sal" Fogo" Santo"Antao" Sao"Vincente" San;ago""
Thousand !
Comparison of population and LCOE by island!
Levelized"Cost"of"Electricity"EUR/MWh"" Popula;on""Thousand"" Linear"(Levelized"Cost"of"Electricity"EUR/MWh")"
Higher the population, lower the production costs
Centralization of energy production could lead to
costs savings

35. Final remarks. . .
Focus on MFM Optimization/
Microgeneration
Energy grid improvements
Innovative energy storage
solutions
Centralize macro energy
production
Realistic goal setting??

36. Work in progress . . .
Innovative financing
Refine kWh/EUR figure
Determine best storage solutions
Added value analysis