2. 1650 BC – 2000’s AD
Through the ages,
Practitioners have used a wide
range of materials and
techniques for closing tissue…
The origins of surgery can be
traced back many centuries
3. In the 10th
century BC, ANTS was held over the wound until it
seized the wound edges in its jaws. It was then decapitated.
4. The thorn, used by African
tribes to close tissue,
was passed through the skin
on either side of the wound.
A strip of vegetable fibre
was then tied
around the edge in a figure eight.
5. The tough membrane of sheep intestine was provided
to the surgeon pre-sterilised and required threading
through the eye of the needle before use.
6. Post World War II brought the swaged-on needle. The thread fits
into the hollow end of the needle, allowing it to pass through tissue
without the double loop of thread that exists with a conventional
needle, reducing tissue trauma.
16. Appears to be stronger then
nylon and has better overall
wound security.
Polypropylene
(Prolene®
)
17. Braided
Before the advent of synthetic fibers,
silk was the mainstay of wound closure.
Easy handling, excellent knot security.
High reactivity and infection due
to the absorption of body fluids
by the braided fibers.
S
I
L
K
28. • 1867 –Dr.Joseph
Lister first identifies
airborne bacteria
and uses Carbolic
acid spray in
surgical areas
• 1880 – Johnson and
Johnson introduce
antiseptic surgical
dressings.Beginning of Safe Operation Theatre
Practices
29. “Soap, Water and Common Sense Yet the best
Antiseptic”
William Osler
Factors which influence Safety in
Hospital Environment
30. WET HANDS &
APPLY SOAP
RIGHT PALM
OVER LEFT, LEFT
OVER RIGHT
PALM TO PALM
FINGER
INTERLACED
ROTATIONAL
RUBBINGROTATIONAL
RUBBING OF
RIGHT THUMB IN
LEFT PALM &
VICE VERSA
BACK FINGERS
TO OPPOSING
FINGERS
INTERLOCKED
1
3
2
5
46
H
A
N
D
S
W
A
S
H
I
N
G
31. • Which suits the
Circumstances.
• Availability of Resources.
• Economical.
• Safe to you.
• Some chemical
containing compounds
can cause sensitization
and Allergic reactions.
BEST HAND WASH IS….
34. Sterilization!
is absolute, removes microbes and spores too.
To achieve Sterilization is Expensive, not
sustainable, many times not needed.
Disinfection!
reduces the infections drastically.
35. • Paying great attention
to Floors Using
unnecessary, too
many chemical not
necessary
• Keep the floor Clean
and Dry - Bacteria are
reduced,
• Most Important
component of Bacteria
is water a dry areas
causes natural death
except spores
36. • Do not disturb
unnecessarily,
• Do not use ceiling fans
they cause aerosol
spread
• Clean only when
remodeling or
accumulated ,good
amount of dust.
Do not disturb the Roof
