Sudden cardiac arrest is caused by abnormalities in the heart's electrical system that cause it to pump ineffectively. The most common causes are arrhythmias, coronary artery disease, and inherited disorders affecting the heart's electrical activity. Without immediate treatment, 95% of sudden cardiac arrest victims will die within minutes. Emergency treatment involves cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and use of an automated external defibrillator to restore the heart's normal rhythm. Long-term prevention focuses on identifying and treating the underlying heart condition through procedures like implanting a defibrillator.

1. SUDDEN CARDIAC ARREST Dr. Mansoor Khan MBBS, FCPS I, Resident, Surgical “C”, KTH Peshawar. Nov 2 nd , 2008

2. “ Electrical system of the heart either stops or contracts irregularly, causing the heart to pump ineffectively ”

3. Ninety-five percent of people who have SCA die from it — most within minutes.

4. Arrhythmias (ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation) Coronary artery disease Severe physical stress Inherited disorders that disrupt the heart's electrical activity (LQTS) Structural changes in the heart (CCF)

6. Coronary artery disease (CAD) Arrhythmias, Heart failure, Drug abuse or excessive alcohol intake, Smoking

7. CAD causing ventricular fibrillation

8. Sudden Fainting leading to unconsciousness Pulselesness on examinationt, sometimes racing heartbeat, dizziness or light-headedness just before fainting, shortness of breath, nausea or vomiting

9. EKG (Electrocardiogram), Echocardiography Angiography

10. Normal EKG

11. There is electrical activity so it isn't a flat line BUT NO RECOGNIZABLE PATTERN , NO p-wave, no QRS complex

12. Treatment Emergency Preventive

13. Emergency Treatment SCA is a cardiac emergency, Without immediate treatment patient dies within minutes

14. Emergency Treatment Survival is not cardiologist dependent

15. Emergency Treatment Survival depends on location, location, location

16. Emergency Treatment Depends on CPR and early defibrillation

17. Emergency Treatment Mass training of layman in CPR Provision of Automated external defibrillators (AEDs) in public places

18. Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)

19. Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)

20. How to use Automated external defibrillators AED……

21. How to use Automated external defibrillators AED……

22. Combination of CPR & AED use

23. Combination of CPR & AED use

24. Preventive Treatment

25. Admit the patient Sort out the cause of SCA (CAD, CCF etc) Treat the cause Implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD)

26. Implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD)

28. Absolutely no pulse, no BP, no breathing

29. THANKS