heteroseqsualobis_dekonstruqcia_

feministuri
biblioTeka

heteroseqsualobis dekonstruqcia
feministuri socialur-konsrtuqtivistuli analizi
selia kitcingeri da siu vilkinsoni

heteroseqsualoba damkvidrebuli da dakanonebulia rogorc yofnis bunebrivi da
normaluri forma, romlis legitimaciac biologiur da mecnierul argumentebze
dayrdnobiT xdeba (Kitzinger, 1988.1995).
miuxedavad imisa, rom heteroseqsulobis zogi gamovlineba sagangaSod iTvleba da
misi zogierTi aspeqti kvlevis sagans warmoadgens, uSualod heteroseqsualoba
iSviaTad xdeba debatebis obieqti. akademiur disciplinebsa da feministur
TeoriaSi heteroseqsualoba umeteswilad ganixileba, rogorc mocemuloba.
eqsplicituri mimarTva “heteroseqsuali”, iseTive iSviaTia, rogorc mimarTva
“TeTrkaniani”, “mamakaci” an “SeuzRudavi SesaZleblobis mqone”.
heteroseqsualoba warmoadgens erT-erT mniSvnelovan konstruqts, romelic xazs
usvams genderul dayofas. TviTon terminic Tavisi definiciiT am dayofis
amsaxvelia. “hetero” niSnavs “sxvas”, “gansxvavebuls”, heteroseqsualoba ki
gulisxmobs erTmaneTisgan gansxvavebulebis urTierTobas, mamakacisas qalTan, an
qalisa mamakacTan. ra Tqma unda, garda sqesobrivi mikuTvnebulebisa, bevri sxva
Tvisebac arsebobs, rac adamianebs erTmaneTisgan ganasxvavebs da am logikiT
heteroseqsualobis mniSvneloba SeiZleba aRviqvaT, rogorc seqsualuri kavSiri
rasobrivi, socio-ekonomikuri, eTnikuri, religiuri Tu sxva niSniT gansxvavebul
adamianebs Soris, magram heteroseqsualoba xazs usvams qalisa da mamakacis
“gansxvavebulobas” da swored am “fundamenturi” gansxvavebis, genderuli dayofis
markirebas axdens.
dekadaze meti ar gasula, rac adrian riCis statia “savaldebulo
heteroseqsualoba da lesbosuri arseboba” daiwera. rogorc edrian riCi ambobs:

“statiis mizania, Seavsos is sicariele, rac feministur samecniero
literaturaSi arsebobs, romlidanac gamoricxulia lesbosuri arseboba da rac,
rogorc megona (da dRemde mgonia), ara mxolod antilesbosuria, aramed
antifeministuric aris, Tu Sedegebis mixedviT vimsjelebT, radgan es
heteroseqsuali qalis gamocdilebis damaxinjebasac iwvevs. statiis mizani ar
aris gansxvavebebis xazgasma. igi daiwera imisTvis, rom Tavad heteroseqsuali


feministebis mier moxdes heteroseqsualobis, rogorc politikuri instituciis
ganxilvis stimulireba - politikuri instituciisa, romelic xels uwyobs
Zalauflebis CamoSorebas qalisgan da SeiZleba daeqvemdebaros cvlilebas. minda,
feministebma mainc ar weron da ikiTxon eWvSeuvali heterocentristuli
gadmosaxedidan.”
(Rich, 1980:633)
riCis azriT, heteroseqsualobis uryev mocemulobad aRqma xels uSlis im
Zaladobrivi gzebis gamovlenas, romlis meSveobiTac xdeba heteroseqsualobis
Tavs moxveva. es gzebi xSirad faruli an aSkara ZaladobiT xasiaTdeba. riCis mier
warmodgenili CamonaTvalidan magaliTisTvis ramodenimes SemogTavazebT:
heteroseqsualuri romantikis idealizacia, gaupatiureba, pornografia,
lesboseli qalebisTvis Svilebis warTmeva sasamarTlos gziT, seqsualuri
zewola, colis ekonomikuri damokidebuleba qmarze, lesbosuri arsebobis
ugulebelyofa istoriasa da kulturaSi. edrian riCis azriT,
“heteroseqsualobaze, rogorc mocemulobaze saubari da daSveba im azrisa, rom
“qalTa umravlesoba heteroseqsualia” aferxebs feminizmis ganviTarebas rogorc
Teoriuli, aseve politikuri TvalsazrisiT. mosazreba “qalTa umravlesobis
heteroseqsualobis” Sesaxeb arc ise uryevia…Tu davuSvebT, rom heteroseqsualoba
SeiZleba iyos ara qalis arCevani, aramed Tavsmoxveuli propagandis an
Zaldatanebis Sedegi da qali TviTon SeiZleba sulac ar aniWebdes upiratesobas
urTierTobis am formas. es daSveba warmoadgens did nabijs imis gacnobierebisken,
xar Tu ara Tavisufali, namdvili, nebayoflobiTi heteroseqsuali.…am nabijis
gadadgma da heteroseqsualobis kiTxvis niSnis qveS dasma ki heteroseqsuali
feministebis mxridan erTi mxriv, did gambedaobas, meore mxriv ki, did
inteleqtualur da emociur muSaobas moiTxovs.”
(Rich, 1980: 633)

aqamde feministebi adekvaturad ver gamoexmaurnen riCis mier wamoyenebul
zemoxsenebul sakiTxebs. ar momxdara heteroseqsualobis Teoriuli damuSaveba da
maT SromebSi jer kidev SenarCunebulia miTi heteroseqsualobis TavisTavadobisa
da bunebriobis Sesaxeb.
am TavSi Cven (araheteroseqsualebi) SevexebiT im gamocdilebas, romelic miviReT
saerTaSoriso Jurnalis, “feminizmi da fsiqologia” heteroseqsualobis Temisadmi
miZRvnili specialuri gamoSvebis gamocemisas. lesboselobaze mTeli rigi
specialuri gamoSvebebiT Tavmobezrebulebma (Feminist Review, Sighs, Feminist Art
News 3 5 1990, Textual practice 4 (2), 1990) gadavwyviteT, Segvebrunebina maTi Sida
politika da fokusireba mogvexdina heteroseqsualobaze. Cven viTxovdiT statiebs
iseT sakiTxebze, rogoricaa magaliTad:

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1. ras warmoadgens heteroseqsualoba da ratom aris is miRebuli forma?
2. ratom aris aseTi rTuli heteroseqsualebisTvis maTi seqsualuri
orientaciis Secvla?
3. ra aris heteroseqsuluri seqsis arsi?
4. ra gavlenas axdens heteroseqsualuri qceva qalis cxovrebaze, mis
TviTaRqmaze, urTierTobaze sxva qalebTan da politikur saqmianobaze?
reaqciebma am kiTxvebze (romelic zogjer mxiarulebas iwvevda, magram xSirad
SiSsa da mtrul damokidebulebaSic gadadioda) da pasuxebma, romlebic maTze
miviReT am TemiT seriozulad dainteresebuli qalebis mier gamogzavnil
statiebSi, rogorc Jurnalis specialuri gamoSvebisTvis, aseve mogvianebiT
gamocemuli wignisTvis, kidev erTxel dagvanaxa heteroseqsualobis Teoriuli
damuSavebis aucilebloba. davrwmundiT, rom heteroseqsualobis mimarTac aris
saWiro yuradRebis gamoCena im doziT, ra doziTac es lesboselebisa da
homoseqsuali mamakacebis TemasTan dakavSirebiT xdeboda bolo 100 wlis
ganmavlobaSi. socialur-konstruqtivistul midgomas heteroseqsualobis mimarT,
gansakuTrebiT feministuri perspeqtividan, bevris SemoTavazeba SeuZlia.
socialur-konstruqtivistuli Teoriis gaviTarebam (mogvianebiT
postmodernistulma da qvier Teoriam) didi gavlena moaxdina lesboselobasa da
homoseqsual mamakacebTan dakavSirebul kvlevebze sxvadasxva disciplinis
farglebSi. socialur mecnierebebSi mniSvnelovania simonis, gagnonisa (1967) da
makintoSis (1968) naSromebi. maT homoseqsualobis mizezebis kvlevisa da
gankurnebis gzebis Ziebisgan yuradReba gadaitanes iseT sakiTxebze, rogoricaa
sociumis mier “homoseqsualis” konstruireba, am terminis mniSvnelobasa da
homoseqsualis cnebasTan dakavSirebuli definiciebi. Semdgom kvlevebSi yuradReba
gamaxvilda termin “homoseqsualis” ganviTarebis istoriaze (Weeks 1977,1981),
socialuri gamoyenebis im gzebze, romlebsac es terminebi sxvadasxva kulturebSi
poulobs (Plummer, 1981.1992) da im gzebze, romliTac individebi “lesboselis” an
“geis” identobis konstruirebas axdenen socialur konteqstSi (Hart and Richarson.
1981: Kitzinger, 1987: Stein, 1990). Tuki aqamde seqsualuri gamocdileba da
seqsualuri “praqtika” aerTianebda geebsa da lesboselebs adamianTa jgufSi
garkveuli “seqsualuri orientaciiT”, axla pirovnebis da misi TviTgamoxatvis
kavSiri seqsualobasTan ufro Sesustebulia, pirovnebis konceptualizacia xdeba
rogorc performaciisa, subieqtisa, romlis identoba Sedgeba garkveuli
qmedebebis performirebisgan, romelic an mihyveba socialurad konstruirebul
scenars an arRvevs mas. (Butles 1990, 1993, Sedgwick 1990, 1994) imis nacvlad, rom
ikvlion “simarTle” “homoseqsualebsa” da “lesboselebze”, Tanamedrove
socialuri mecnierebebi interesedebian diskursuli praqtikebiT, naratiuli
formebiT, socialuri da politikuri konteqstiT, romlis meSveobiTac da

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romelSic xdeba “homoseqsualisa” da “lesboselis” warmoeba da kvlavwarmoeba
(Kitzinger and Wilkinso. 1993b: Plummer. 1992).
miuxedavad imisa, rom arsebobs kvlevebi, sadac warmodgenilia “lesboselisa” da
“geis”, rogorc socialuri konstruqtis analizi, msgavsi analizi
heteroseqsualobis socialurad konstruirebuli bunebis Sesaxeb ar mogvepoveba.
tipuri viqtimizaciis xerxiT, mecnieruli interesis fokusSi gamudmebiT eqceva
homoseqsualoba da ara heteroseqsualoba. socialur mecnierebebSi kiTxvebi
yovelTvis homoseqsualis da ara heteroseqsualis cxovrebis stilTan
dakavSirebiT Cndeba. aanalizeben homoseqsualobis problemebs, xdeba
homoseqsualTa arsebobis problematizireba (Kitzinger and Coyle, 1995). amasTan
dakavSirebiT, zogi aqtivisti acxadebda, rom “siyvaruli, romelic sakuTari
saxeliT ver laparakobs”, dadumebulia ara mxolod Ria diskriminaciis da Cagvris
Sedegad, aramed im mecnieruli midgomebis wyalobiT, romlebic amtkicebs, rom es
saxeli istoriulad da socialurad konstruirebulia, meryevi, fragmentuli da
aramdgradia, rom es saxeli, judiT batleris sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, “aCrdils”
warmoadgens. postmodernisti da post-lesboseli avtorebi ukuagdeben iseT
“esencialistur” lozungebs, rogoricaa “moxaruli var rom gei var”, an “yvela
qals SeuZlia, gaxdes lesboseli” da es ukugdeba xdeba im radikaluri eWvis
niadagze, romelic saerTod ramed “yofnas” ayenebs kiTxvis niSnis qveS.
postmodernisti qvier Teoretikosi judiT batleri ambobs: “politikur
viTarebaSi lesboselis niSniT rom aRmovCeniliyavi, gamudmebiT Sevecdebodi imis
gabundovanebas, rasac es niSani aRniSnavs” (Butler, 1991:14). magram paralelurad
arsebobs mosazreba, rom politikuri TvalsazrisiT aucilebelia, lesboselma da
geim TviTsaxeldeba moaxdinon: “Cven davemorCilebiT dekonstruqcias, roca isini
daemorCilebian dekonstruqcias”, acxadeben postmodernizmisa da qvier Teoriis
oponentebi. (macDonald, 1990:89).
socialuri konstruqtivistebi (postmodernistebi da qvier Teoretikosebi)
amboben, rom “homoseqsualobis dekonstruqcia heteroseqsualobis
dekonstruqciasac gulisxmobs” (Plummer, 1992:14). marTlac, bevri naSromi,
romelic homoseqsualobis Temas exeba da ganixilavs mas, rogorc konstruirebul
“deviacias”, “alternativas”, “variacias”, gulisxmobs heteroseqsualobis, rogorc
konstruirebuli “normis” gagebasac. miuxedavad amisa, es xedva, romelic am
naSromebSia nagulisxmevi, iSviaTad poulobs saTanado ganviTarebas, da masze ar
xdeba fokusireba kvlevebSi. amjerad heteroseqsualobaze arsebuli naSromebi
mcire, magram mzard sxeuls warmoadgenen. maTSi gamoyenebulia is analitikur
xerxebi da cnebebi, romlebic homoseqsualobasa da normatul seqsualobebze
Catarebul socialur-konstruqtivistul da postmodernistul SromebSi
Camoyalibda. isini win wamoweven iseT kiTxvebs, rogoricaa: ”rogoria
“heteroseqsualobis”, rogorc kategoriis ganviTarebis istoria?”; “riTi
gansxvavdeba sxvadasxva istoriul da kulturul garemocvaSi heteroseqsualobis
konstruireba?”; “rogor xdeba heteroseqsualobis warmoeba da kvlavwarmoeba

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sxvadasxva socialur da politikur konteqstSi?”; “ras gveubneba
heteroseqsualobis socialur da politikur funqciebze heteroseqsualobis
iseTi gamovlinebebi, rogoricaa gaupatiureba da sanqciebi heteroseqsualobis
winaaRmdeg (vTqvaT, qorwineba sxvadasxva rasis warmomadgenlebs Soris)?”; “rogor
xdeba heteroseqsualuri identobis konstruireba?” da a.S. imisaTvis, rom kidev
erTxel movaxdinoT am Tematikis politikuri da Teoriuli mniSvnelobis xazgasma,
Cven SevexebiT im ramdenime sakvanZo sakiTxs, romelic konstruqtivistebma
heteroseqsualobasTan dakavSirebiT wamoWres. es gaxlavT heteroseqsualobis
Zaladobrivi xasiaTi (coercive nature), heteroseqsualuri TviTidentifikacia,
urTierTmimarTeba heteroseqsualur qcevasa da seqsualur identobas Soris.

heteroseqsualoba da Zaladoba
socialuri konstruqtivizmi daupirispirda homoseqsualobis, rogorc calsaxad
individualuri fenomenis gagebas, romelic genebiT, hormonebiT da aracnobieris
bneli ZalebiTaa ganpirobebuli. (Kitzinger, 1995b). erTsqesiani seqsualuri
kavSirisa da lesbosuri/gei identobis gaazreba moxda, rogorc socialuri
fenomenisa, romelic kontrolirebadia socialuri da politikuri Zalebis mier.
igive xedva SeiZleba mivusadagoT heteroseqsualobasac. naturalisturi
diskursis nacvlad, romelic heteroseqsualobas ganixilavs rogorc bunebrivad
gansazRvruls da reproduqciuli moTxovnilebiT, evoluciuri strategiebiT, an
qalisa da kacis fiziologiuri sxvaobiT aris axsnili, SeiZleba isic,
homoseqsualobis msgavsad, ganvixiloT socialurad ganpirobebul da
kontrolirebul fenomenad.
Teoretikosebis nawilma heteroseqsualobas “savaldebulo institucia” uwoda,
romelSic mamakacebi da (gansakuTrebiT) qalebi ZaldatanebiT arian Cabmulni
sxvadasxva Zalebis zemoqmedebiT, rogoricaa, magaliTad, gaupatiureba, bavSvebis
qorwineba, seqsualuri zewola, pornografia da ekonomikuri sanqciebi (e.g. Rich,
1980). gansakuTrebiT cxadi da SesamCnevia heteroseqsualobis ZaldatanebiTi
xasiaTi imaTTvis, vinc heteroseqsuali ar aris. magram isic unda aRiniSnos, rom
xSirad heteroseqsualoba ara Tu “savaldebulo” instituciaa, aramed
“akrZaluli” da sanqcirebulia. amis sailustraciod gamodgeba sxvadasxva
situaciebi, magaliTad: 13 wlis mozardi, romelic wveulebidan adre unda
dabrundes saxlSi; sqesobrivad segregirebuli palatebi saavadmyofoebSi;
rasobrivad Sereuli wyvilebi, romlebic socialuri da sakanonmdeblo sanqciebis
subieqtebs warmoadgenen. an, magaliTad, daqorwinebuli wyvilebi, mizezTa gamo
didi xniT rom uwevT daSoreba: coli, romelic siRaribis gamo didi xniT tovebs
qmar-Svils, raTa Sinamosamsaxured imuSaos, an yavis plantaciebSi wavides
migrantad; jariskaci, romelsac aSoreben ojaxs da sazRvargareT uSveben

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samxedro bazaze, an mSenebeli, romelsac samuSaod agzavnian Sua aRmosavleTSi.
bevri heteroseqsuali TiTqos gamoricxulia heteroseqsualuri institutidan,
radgan isini ar Tavsdebian sqesobriv-rolur stereotipebSi (Hunter, 1993), aseve
bevrs devnis unarSeuzRudavi sxeulebis pirobiTi momxibvleloba (Appleby, 1993).
heteroseqsualobis fenomenologiuri gamocdilebebis es mravalferovneba uCvenebs,
magram mainc ver aryevs misi, rogorc “savaldebulo instituciis” statuss, iseve,
rogorc saswavleblidan garicxuli calkeuli studentebis gamocdileba an
genderuli, klasobrivi da rasobrivi diferenciaciis arseboba ganaTlebis
sistemaSi, cvlilebas ver uqvemdebarebs 5-dan 14 wlamde arsebul savaldebulo
saganmanaTleblo normas. amis mizezi aris isic, rom ganaTlebis sistemis rRvevis
moTxovna (“deschooling society”) (Illich, 1971) ar warmoadgens mTavar problemas
daunis sindromiT daavadebuli bavSvis mSoblisTvis, romelic ver Seiyvans mas
sasurvel skolaSi, iseve rogor axalgazrda unarSezRuduli qalisTvis ar
warmoadgens prioritetul sakiTxs savaldebulo heteroseqsualuri sistema da
evgenisturi ideebi qorwinebasa da bavSvis aRzrdaze. (cf. Griffin, 1993). es
paraleli aris ilustracia imisa, rom Zaldataneba da valdebuleba, romel
sferosac ar unda Seexebodes is, struqturirebulia mravalgvari specifikuri
mCagvrelobiTi ZalebiT, rogoricaa magaliTad genderuli, rasobrivi da
klasobrivi Cagvra.
heteroseqsualobaze weris dros bevri avtori saubrobs im eTnikur da klasobriv
fonze, romelSic formirdeboda misi gamocdileba. ebraeli devnili hela belofi
(Hella beloff 1993) aRwers mis gamocdilebas londonSi 1940-ian wlebSi da
aRniSnavs, rom rogorc misi samuSao, aseve misi seqsualoba misi klasis,
eTnikurobisa da warmomavlobis mixedviT formirdeboda. “gansxvaveba qalebs Soris
iseTive mniSvnelovania, rogorc gansxvaveba qalsa da mamakacs Soris; nacionaluri,
rasobrivi, klasobrivi da asakobrivi dayofebi urTierTmimarTebaSia da gadabmulia
genderul dayofasTan”, ambobs is. nira iuval-devisi (Nira Yuval_davis (1993:53) ki
acxadebs, rom misi politikuri cnobiereba, romelic israelSi Camoyalibda,
verafriT ahyva “iseT feministur politikas, romelic mxolod qalebsa da
mamakacebs Soris arsebul gansxvavebas aRiqvams mTavar gamyof xazad”.
heteroseqsualoba, rogorc “savaldebulo” institucia, mravalgvarad
ganpirobebulia, da imis gaazreba, Tu ra socialuri kontroli xorcieldeba da
rogor xdeba heteroseqsualobis menejmenti, aucilebelia heteroseqsualobis
funqciebisa da mniSvnelobis gacnobierebisTvis.
heteroseqsualobis, rogorc “savaldebulos” aRqma Znelia imaTTvis, visTvisac es
valdebuleba siamovnebaa. sasiamovno gamocdileba aRiqmeba, rogorc “Tavisufali
arCevani”, (e.g. Roqland, 1993), “TavisTavadi” da “Tandayolili” (e.g. Bartky, 1993).
vendi holvei (1993:414-15) wers heteroseqsualuri siamovnebis Sesaxeb: “miyvars,
roca Cemi partnioris Zlier mklavebSi var moqceuli. am dros Tavs daculad da
usafrTxod vgrZnob.… minda vasiamovno da TviTonac miviRo siamovneba. es aris

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ormxrivi siyvarulis gamovlineba, romelic aZlierebs da amZafrebs vnebas.… me
msiamovnebs, roca vgrZnob mis peniss Cems vaginaSi.… savse var seqsualuri
surviliT da vxarob, roca SemiZlia viyo aseTi gaxsnili da Tan ase mWidrod
dakavSirebuli masTan, roca ar vuwev Tavs kontrols da mexsneba yvelanairi
pasuxismgebloba, rasac sxva dros ver ugulebelvyof da ver moviSoreb.”
mxolod is faqtori, rom heteroseqsualuri aqti siamovnebis momgvrelia, ar
gamoricxavs mis “savaldebulo” xasiaTs iseve, rogorc zog moswavles moswons
swavla, magram es sulac ar niSnavs imas, rom skolaSi siaruli savaldebulo ar
aris. marTlac, sakmaod brZnuli saqcielia, roca swavlob siamovnebis miRebas
valdebulebisagan. rogorc brauni (1993) ambobs, siamovneba xSirad atarebs
Zalauflebrivi urTierTmimarTebebis maskirebis ideologiur funqcias da mis
safarvels warmoadgens. ( ix,, Hollway, 1993,1995:126-30; Kitzinger and Wilkinson,
1994a, 1994c: and Thompson, 1994 momdevno debatebisTvis siamovnebis rolis
Sesaxeb.)

heteroseqsualuri “qamin auTi”
istorikos jonaTan kaczis (1990) mixedviT terminebi “homoseqsuali” da
“heteroseqsuali” 1868 wels Seiqmna karl maria kertbenis mier, romelic
homoseqsualobis Sesaxeb kanonis ( German sodomy law) reformatori iyo
germaniaSi. amave kanonTan dakavSirebiT gvxvdeba pirvelad gamoqveynebuli saxiT
“homoseqsuloba” rogorc termini 1869 wels, xolo 11 wlis Semdeg termini
“heteroseqsualobac” Cndeba homoseqsualobis dacvasTan dakavSirebul
gamoqveynebul teqstSi. 1901 wlidan is mkvidrdeba inglisur enaSi mas Semdeg, rac
v.a. niuman doraldi iyenebs Tavis ilustrirebul samedicino leqsikonSi, sadac
homoseqsualoba gansazRvrulia, rogorc “normidan gadasuli perversiuli
seqsualuri ltolva sapirisiro sqesis mimarT” (Penelope, 1993).
heteroseqsualobis koncepti ki mogvianebiT viTardeba dasavlur sazogadoebaSi.
aseve mogvianebiT Cndeba terminebi “lesboseli”, “gei”, “inverti”, “safisti” da a.S.
ase rom, XIX saukunemde SeuZlebeli iyo “heteroseqsualis” iarliyi mogergo.
niSnavs Tu ara es, rom XIX saukunis Sua ricxvebamde “heteroseqsualebi” ar
arsebobdnen? es kiTxva gaismis im istorikosebis mosazrebis paralelurad (e.g.
Faderman, 1981), romlebic kiTxvis niSnis qveS svamdnen “lesboselis” da “geis”
arsebobis sakiTxs, sanam konstruirdeboda “homoseqsuali”, rogorc kategoria.
“preistoriuli lesboselis” Ziebis parodirebiT julia penelopi (1993), adreul
amerikul piqtogramebs aanalizebs, sadac msgavsi sakiTxebia ilustrirebuli da iq
eZebs heteroseqsualobis mtkicebulebebs. is aRniSnavs, rom dResac ki
heteroseqsualebi ar fiqroben, rom isini “heteroseqsualebi” arian da bevrma (maT
Soris princesa dianam) arc icis am sityvis mniSvneloba.

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xSirad lesboselebi da homoseqsuali mamakacebi amboben, rom maTi pirveli Sexeba
am terminebTan “qamin auTTan” iyo dakavSirebuli (cf. Stanley and Wolfe, 1980.
Kitzinger, 1987). heteroseqsualebTan iSviaTad gvxvdeba msgavsi gancxadebebi, TiTqos
“heteroseqsualoba” maTi identobis mdumare nawilia. (Tumca, ix. rosenilis
monacemebi heteroseqsuali qalebis qamin auTis Sesaxeb grinhamSi (Tavi4)). Jurnal
“feminizmi da fsiqologiis” specialuri gamoSvebis momzadebis dros mivxvdiT,
rom “heteroseqsuali feministebi”, romlebic isurvebdnen “heteroseqsualobaze”
weras, TiTqmis ar arseboben. sajarod sakuTari Tavis, rogorc heteroseqsualis
TviTidentifikacia cotam Tu moaxdina maSin, roca lesboseli feministebis ricxvi
sakmaod didia. rodesac viTxovdiT avtorebs, romlebic Tavs heteroseqsualad
Tvlis, sapasuxod miviReT sakmaod gaRizianebuli toniT mowerili werilebi,
sadac ambobdnen: saidan iciT, rom heteroseqsualebi varT, an Cven rogor unda
ganvsazRvroT varT Tu ara heteroseqsualebi, an ra aris saerTod
“heteroseqsualoba”?
avtorebi, romelTa mozidvac gvindoda, Seesabamebodnen qcevis im normebs, rac
“heteroseqsualobad” aris cnobili. isini daqorwinebulebi arian, aqvT seqsi Tavis
qmarTan, da/an sxva mamakacebTan, zrdian bavSvebs maT mamebTan erTad. miuxedavad
amisa, identoba heteroseqsualisa (is arsi, rac am iarliys miRma imaleba) sakmaod
iSviaTi da “aramdgradia”, amitom heteroseqsualuri “qamin auTi” bevr
sirTulesTan aris dakavSirebuli. “ratom miwodebT ase kategoriulad
heteroseqsuals?”- wers TeTrkaniani samxreT amerikeli feministi, fsiqologi
meri kergeni (is socialur-konstruqtivistisa da fsiqologis kenet gergenis
meuRlea):
“ratom xarT ase darwmunebulni? imitom rom gaTxovili var? Tu imitom rom Cemi
meuRle homoseqsuals ar gavs? iqneb Cems varcxnilobaSi, an fexsacmelebSia saqme,
Tu imiT gansazRvravT rasac vambob an ar vambob?... rogor arCeven heteroebs?”
(Gergern, 1993:62)
sxvebi, rogoricaa rosalin jili da rebeka vokeri (1993:68) aRniSnavdnen, rom
“Znelia Tavi heteroseqsual feministebad” miiCnion da rom maTTvis amaze wera
“saganmanaTleblo procesia”. robin roulandi (1993):75) ambobs: “me ver vityvi,
rom heteroseqsuali var. ver vaxden aseT TviTidentifikacias. Umjobesia, vTqva,
rom vimyofebi heteroseqsualur urTierTobaSi.”
feministi fsiqologi meri kroufordi (1993:43) aRwers Tavis monogamur
qorwinebas, magram sakuTar Tavs uwodebs ara “heteroseqsuals”, aramed “qals,
romelmac miiRo gadawyvetileba daemyarebina xangrZlivi sasiyvaruli kavSiri da
seqsualuri urTierToba mamakacTan da amis gamo ganixileba heteroseqsualur
konteqstSi.” sandra berni (1992a:50) ki aRniSnavs: “miuxedavad imisa, rom 26
welia monogamurad vcxovrob kacTan, romelic miyvars, arc axla da arc
arasdros “heteroseqsuali” ar vyofilvar.”

8


feministebis diskomforti “heteroseqsualur” identobasTan kontrastSia
lesbosur feminizmTan, sadac xazgasmulia lesbosuri identoba. iSviaTad Tu
SegxvdebaT Tanamedrove lesboseli feministi, romelic robin roulernis msgavsad
acxadebs, rom is sakuTar Tavs lesbosels ar uwodebda, aramed ityoda rom
lesbosur urTierTobaSia, an lesbosel feminists, romelic ityvis, rom
miuxedavad misi monogamuri Tanacxovrebisa qalTan, romelic 26 weliwadia uyvars,
is arc axla da arc arasodes lesboseli ar yofila. aseTi gancxadebebi, rogorc
wesi, axasiaTebT im lesboselebs, romlebic feministebi ar arian (cf. Kitzinger,
1887), heteroseqsualur-patriarqaluri struqturis zewolas ganicdian da
uaryofen Tavis lesboselobas, an orientacias maTi identobis umniSvnelo
nawilad aqceven (magaliTad :”me Semiyvarda adamiani, romelic qali aRmoCnda” an “
lesboseloba mcire nawilia Cemi identobisa, me pirvel rigSi pirovneba var”).
magram lesboseli feministebisTvis lesbosuri identoba xazgasmulia da xSirad
pirdapir kavSirSia feminizmis definiciasTan. Cven SegviZlia, bevri feministi
davasaxeloT, visTvisac swored lesboseloba warmoadgens Zireul nawils
Teoriuli naSromebisa da lesbosuri feminizmis perspeqtividan wers. (eg, Allen,
1990, Frye 1990, Hoaland, 1988; Penelope 1987, Wittig 1993) . feministuri moRvaweoba
heteroseqsualuri perspeqtividan ufro Zneli warmosadgenia. “heteroseqsualoba”
TiTqos Seuracxyofs feminizms da winaaRmdegobaSic ki modis masTan.
Cven ver moviZieT kvlevebi, romlebic “heteroseqsualuri” identobis aRiarebis
barierebs Seexeboda. Tuki gaviTvaliswinebT erTsqesiani urTierTobis xSir
gamocdilebebs da genderuli maxasiaTeblebis gadakveTebs, bavSvobaSi an mozard
asakSi unda iyos magaliTebi, heteroseqsualuri “qamin auTisa”, roca xdeboda
sakuTari heteroseqsualobis gacnobiereba. alan hanteri, TeTri, heterosequsuali
feminuri qcevebis mqone mamakaci aRwers, rogori qilikiT da agresiiT uwodebdnen
homoseqsuals (Seuracxmyofeli formiT) da aRwers im moments, roca gaacnobiera
Tavisi heteroseqsualuri orientacia. “me mixaroda, rom viyavi feminuri mamakaci,
magram qalebi mizidavdnen. me gavacnobiere sakuTari heteroseqsualuri
orientacia, ganvaxorciele “qamin auTi” sakuTari Tavis winaSe” (Hunter, 1993:158).
kvlevebi heteroseqsualuri “qamin auTis” Sesaxeb mniSvnelovani wvlili iqneboda
normatiuli identobis konstruirebis gagebisTvis. rogorc nensi Codorou ambobs:
“heteroseqsualoba aRiqmeba rogorc mocemuloba da misi warmoSoba ar aris
sakmarisad aRwerili. Cven ar gvaqvs ganviTarebadi monacemebi imaze, Tu ra aris
“normaluri” heteroseqsualoba, rom SevadaroT Tavisi simdidriT da
specifikurobiT imas, rac mogvepoveba homoseqsualobasa da perversiebze.”
(Chodorow, 1992:266)

9


heteroseqsualuri qceva da heteroseqsualuri identoba
lesboselisa (Ettore 1980, Kitzinger 1987, ponse 1978) da homoseqsuali mamakacis
(Plummer 1981, Weeks 1981) identobis Taobaze arsebobs naSromebi, Cveni interesis
sfero ki is gzebia, romliTac xdeba heteroseqsualobis rogorc pirovnuli da
socialuri identobis konstruireba, magram kvlevebi am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT
ver moviZieT. momdevno dakvirvebebi eyrdnoba im heteroseqsuali feministebis
nawerebs, romlebic Cvens wignze muSaobdnen. (Wilkinson and Kitzinger, 1993).
zogi heteroseqsuali (isve, rogorc zogi homoseqsuali) esencialistur midgomas
iziarebs da amtkicebs, rom “aseTi daibada”. Cven eWvi gvaqvs, rom msgavsi
esencialisturi monacemebi farTodaa xalxSi gavrcelebuli, magram Cvens avtorebs
Soris esencialisturi xedva umciresobaSi aRmoCnda. am mxriv gamonakliss
warmoadgens TeTrkaniani samxreT-amerikeli feministis sandra li bartkis
ganacxadi: “mec iseTive heteroseqsuali var, rogorc zogi homoseqsuali acxadebs:
erTxel da samudamod” (bartky, 1993:41)
sxvebi weren qaluri seqsualobis cvalebadobaze da uaryofen “heteroseqsualis”
iarliys, radgan, maTi azriT, igi aramdgradi survilebis ugulebelyofas axdens:
“imis Tqma, rom heteroseqsuali var, niSnavs, rom Cemi seqsualuri survilebi aris
ucvleli da arsebiTi atributi Cemi pirovnebisa. magram seqsualoba ar aris aseTi
calsaxa.… seqsualoba kompleqsuria.”
(Jacklim, 1993:34)
“seqsualuri identoba cvalebadia, seqsualuri qceva metismetad mravalferovania
imisaTvis, rom ase xist kategorizacias daeqvemdebaros.…bevri qali misi sxeulis
gamo miyvars, bevri misi gonebis, enamoswrebulobis, brwyinvale individualobis
gamo. me vaRiareb Cems vnebas rogorc konkretuli qalebis, aseve konkretuli
mamakacebis mimarT, Cemi cxovrebiseuli partnioris garda, Tumca mirCevnia ar
vimoqmedo am mimarTulebiT.”
(Crawford, 1993:43)
es ori citata, romelic TeTrkanian samxreT amerikel feminist fsiqologebs
ekuTvniT, waagavs socialist anti-rasist feminists nioa iuval-devisis sityvebs
“bevri qali, visac yvela an TiTqmis yvela mniSvnelovani seqsualuri urTierToba
(maT Soris erTi Ramis) mamakacTan hqoniaT, CemsaviT uars amboben sakuTari Tavis
heteroseqsualad gamocxadebaze” nawilobriv imis gamo, rom Cven, yvelas met-
naklebad gvaqvs biseqsualuri survilebi” (Yul_Davis, 1993:52). saerTo jamSi, es
mosazrebebi midis raRac “gamWvirvale” iarliyis Seqmnisken, romelic ufro kargad
miesadageba pirovnebis “namdvil mes”.
bevri konstruqtivisti dainteresda “homoseqsualuri qmedebebisa” da
homoseqsualuri identobis urTierTmimarTebiT. homoseqsualTa magaliTze

10


SegviZlia moviZioT mTeli repertuari im axsnebisa, romlebsac isini uyeneben
sakuTar qmedebebs, rom qmedeba ar iqces identobad (magaliTad: “maSin nasvami
viyavi”, “is aris garyvnili, me - ara”, “es mxolod eqsperimenti iyo” da a.S. ix
Kitzinger and Wilkinson momdevno magaliTebisTvis). am magaliTebis paralelurad
Cven SegviZlia, moviZioT axsnebis msgavsi repertuari heteroseqsuali
feministebis SemTxvevaSic, roca isini cdiloben, am axsnebis meSveobiT
distancireba moaxdinon maT heteroseqsualur qcevasa da heteroseqsualur
identobas Soris (magaliTad: “erT mSvenier dRes SeiZleba qalTanac davamyaro
seqsualuri kontaqti”). iqmneba iseTi STabeWdileba, rom heteroseqsuali
feministebi gaurbian heteroseqsualur identobas, im albaTuri qcevis gamo, rom
SeiZleba momavalSi lesbosuri (biseqsualuri) kontaqti ganaxorcielon. maTgan
gansxvavebiT, lesboseli feministebi TavianT identobas maSinac ki ar ayeneben
eWvqveS, rodesac sasiamovno seqsualur gamocdilebaze saubroben sapirispiro
sqesTan.
lesboselisTvis mamakacTan seqsi erTgvari gamowvevaa, cnobismoyvareobas aRZravs,
mimzidvelia, ukavSirdeba safrTxes, empaTias. klinikurad amas SeiZleba
biseqsualoba vuwodoT, SegviZlia movaTavsoT isini kinsis skalaze
heteroseqsualur da homoseqsualur polusebs Soris, magram realurad, maTi
erotikuli SegrZnebebi ar emTxveva maTive seqsualuri istoriis monacemebs (
sexual history print-out). isini sakuTar Tavs qviers uwodeben da axdenen seqsualuri,
kulturuli da politikuri upiratesobebis Sezavebas. (Bright, 1992:138-9)
samxreT amerikis universitetSi arsebobs aseTi feministuri mxardamWeri jgufi,
romelsac qvia “lesboselebi, romlebmac urTierToba daamyares politikurad
koreqtul mamakacebTan” (Taylor and Whittier, 1992). erT gamokiTxvaSi 262
TviTaRiarebuli lesboselidan, daaxloebiT naxevarma (46%) ganacxada rom hqonda
seqsualuri kavSiri mamakacTan bolo Svidi wlis ganmavlobaSi (Bright, 1992:136) .
(ix. Pauline Bart (1993) “lesboselTa” mamakacTan seqsualuri urTierTobis
feministuri analizisTvis”).
zemoT moyvanil msjelobaze dayrdnobiT SegviZlia ganvacxadoT, rom asimetria
cxadia am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT. heteroseqsuali feministebis identoba
ukugdebulia qalebis mier maSinac ki, rodesac isini xangrZliv heteroseqsualur
kavSirSi imyofebian, radgan identobis asagebad gaTvaliswinebulia warsuli, awmyo
da aseve SesaZlo momavali, romelSic ar gamoricxaven urTierTobas qalTan. amis
sapirispirod, lesbosur-feministuri identoba gamoirCeva simyariT maSinac ki,
rodesac warsulSi an/da awmyoSi seqsualur kontaqtebSi figurirebs mamakaci.
lesbosuri feminizmis simyaris SenarCuneba xdeba politikur da kulturul
TviTidentifikaciaze dayrdnobiT.
heteroseqsualuri struqtura qals ubiZgebs lesboselobis, rogorc identobis
uaryofisken. amitom bevri lesboseli feministisTvis, “lesboseloba”, rogorc
identoba, ganasaxierebs protests hetero-patriarqaluri wyobis mimarT da

11


kavSirs sxva qalebTan da sxva lesboselebTan. hetero-patriarqalur sistemaSi
lesboseloba ar aris SemTxveviToba an valdebuleba. am identobis miReba fiqris
gareSe ar xdeba. iseTi kiTxvebi, rogoricaa “ram ganapiroba?”, “SeiZleba Tu ara
Seicvalos?”, “ra gavlenas axdens es identoba bavSvebze?” aris kiTxvebi,
romlebic xSirad wamoiWreba lesboselis cxovrebaSi. heteroseqsuali ki, rogorc
wesi, ar svams aseT kiTxvebs Tavis identobasTan mimarTebaSi.
“ideebisa da samuSaos ZebnaSi sakmaod bevri gavlena ganvicade. heteroseqsualobis
Temaze fiqri ki arasodes momsvlia TavSi.… heteroseqsualobis statusi daculia
da, albaT, esaa mizezi, rom igi mudam CrdilSi rCeba”.
(Beloff, 1993:39)
is, rom heteroseqsualoba mocemulobad aRiqmeba (feminizmSic ki), aris yvelaze
yuradsaRebi sulamiT reinharzis azriT:
“bevri ar mikiTxavs da arc mifiqria am sakiTxze. swored amitom vfiqrob, saWiroa
am miCumaTebul sakiTxs yuradReba mieqces. CemTvis, rogorc feministisTvis,
principulia yuradReba gavamaxvilo imaze, rac mis miRma rCeba.”
(Reinharz, 1993:65)
heteroseqsualoba cxovrebis stilia, romelsac, xSir SemTxvevaSi, viRebT
alternativebze fiqris gareSe, rogorc valdebulebas. rogorc wesi,
“savaldebulo identobebi” (rogoricaa “TeTrkanianebi”, “unarSeuzRudavebi”,
“mamakacebi”) nakleb Teorizebulni arian, ar xdeba maTi kiTxvis niSnis qveS
dayeneba da saTanadod gacnobiereba, maSin, roca Cagrul identobebeze refleqsia
yovelTvis metia. refleqsiis nakleboba Zalauflebis mqone mxaris erT-erTi
maxasiaTebelia. is problemebic, romlebic heteroseqsual qalebs awuxebT, am
“daculi” da “konskurs gareSe myofi” (rogorc kadiat kanehi ambobs) identobis,
arSemadgenel nawilad da aseTive mocemulobad aRiqmeba, amitom maTi win wamoweva
naklebad xdeba. heteroseqsuali feministisTvis heteroseqsualoba ar warmoadgens
politikur identobas, gansxvavebiT lesboseli feministisgan, romlisTvisac
lesboseloba garkveulwilad politikuri arCevania.
heteroseqsualobis uaryofa aTavisuflebs heteroseqsualebs garkveuli
SezRudvebisgan. amitom isini cdiloben, moeridon kategoriul TviTgansazRvras da
gaurbian amgvar iarliys. lesboseli feministis socialur-politikuri realoba
ki mkveTrad gansxvavebulia. yvela lesboselma icis, rom misgan lesboselobas
aravin iTxovda da arc aravin moeloda. is, iqneb, yovelTvis arc iyo lesboseli.
amdenad, lesboselobis xazgasma feministisTvis gamaTavisuflebeli aqtia. rodesac
feministi ambobs, rom lesboselia, es yovelTvis ar niSnavs imas, rom mas ar
siamovnebs seqsualuri kontaqti mamakacTan (Tumca zogi CvenganisTvis swored
asea); arc imas niSnavs, rom ar aris mamakacisTvis seqsualurad mimzidveli, arc
imas gulisxmobs, rom misi seqsualoba misi identobis ganuyofeli “arsebiTi”
nawilia da rom is xistia cvlilebebis mimarT. feministisTvis lesboseloba

12


politikur ganacxads warmoadgens. “heteroseqsuali” da “lesboseli” aris
identobebi, romlebic sakmaod araproporciul mdgomareobaSi arian, maTi miReba
Tu uaryofa sxvadasxva niadagze dayrdnobiT xdeba. xSirad daculi dominanturi
identobebi Cagruli jgufis mniSvnelovan wevrad ar aRiqmeba.
heteroseqsualebi xSirad uaryofen fiqsirebul diqotomur identobebes
(“lesboseli” da “heteroseqsuali”), irCeven kontinuumis models da seqsualobis
dekonstruqciis versias. es xdeba im argumentze dayrdnobiT, rom “dualizmi” da
“polarizebuli kategoriebi” tipuria maskulinuri, patriarqaluri
azrovnebisTvis, qalebisTvis ki cvlilebebi, moqnili identobebi ufro misaRebi
unda iyos. (ix. debatebi holSi 1992). “heteroseqsualisa” da “lesboselis”,
rogorc kategoriebis rRveva jer kidev manamde daiwyo, sanam meore talRis
feminizmi Seexeboda am sakiTxs. kinsis kvlevebma 1940 iani 1950 iani wlebSi ( e.g.
Kinsey et.al 1948,1953) Seqmna “heteroseqsual-homoseqsualuri kontinuumis” gageba
da moaxdina “biseqsualuri potenciis” gamoaSkaraveba. polarizebisa da
diqotomiuri gamijvnis nacvlad, mamakaci mkvlevarebi ufro msgavsebas eZebdnen
“heteroseqsual qalebsa” da “lesboselebs” Soris. (e.g. Gagnon and Simon, 1973:
Bell and Weinberg, 1978). am kategoriebis uaryofa da maT Soris msgavsebis Zieba
lesbosuri diskursis erT-erTi yvelaze mniSmvnelovani da Rrma Temaa. (cf.
Kitzinger, 1987). erT-erTi funqcia, romelic “kategoriebs” aqvs da rac SegviZlia
gamoviyenoT, rogorc argumenti maTi gauqmebis winaaRmdeg, aris is, rom
kategoriis gauqmebiT xdeba im Cagvris ugulebelyofac, romelsac, vTqvaT,
lesboseli, rogorc kategoria, ganicdis patriarqalur sistemaSi. magaliTad:
iseTi ganacxadi rogoricaa “Cven, yvelani saSualo klasi varT” auqmebs im faqts,
rom klasobrivi kontinuumis erT boloSi arseboben adamianebi, romlebsac ar aqvT
kargi sacxovrebeli pirobebi, ar aqvT Sesabamisi momsaxureba jandacvis sferoSi,
ar gaaCniaT muSaobis SesaZlebloba da arian iseT mdgomareobaSi, romelsac am
kontinuumis meore boloSi moxvedrili adamiani erTi wuTiTac ver aitanda.
Cagruli adamianebis kategoriebis uaryofiT ar xdeba TviTon Cagvris saxeldeba,
rac xels uSlis efeqtur koleqtiur rezistentulobas.
Cvens wignze momuSaveTagan ramodenimem aRiara sakuTari heteroseqsualobis
apolitikuri xasiaTi. “Cven Tavs damnaSaved vgrZnobT sakuTari heteroseqsualobis
gamo, romelic ar warmoadgens politikur identobas.… Cven gvaqvs survili,
movaxdinoT mobilizacia heteroseqsualobis garSemo”,- amboben axalgazrda,
TeTrkaniani britaneli heteroseqsuali feministebi ris jili da rebeka uokeri
(1993:71). heteroseqsualuri “qamin auTi”, ra Tqma aunda, ar aris apolitikuri.
Cven vimedovnebT, rom is qalebi, vinc gaRizianebuli pasuxebi mogvwera Cvens
SemoTavazebaze, moexdinaT pozicionireba rogorc heteroseqsual feministebs,
Seicvlian Tavis damokidebulebas. bolodroindeli dakvirvebebi gviCvenebs, rom
heteroseqsuali feministebi iwyeben brZolas maTi heteroseqsualuri identobis
politizirebisaTvis (e.g. Crawford, 1993:44). maTi, rogorc heteroseqsuali
feministebis “qamin auTs” xSirad “gambedaobad” miiCneven. es imaze miuTiTebs, rom

13


aseTi TviTaRiareba garkveul riskTan da safrTxesTan aris dakavSirebuli, radgan
SeiZleba “politikur arakoreqtulobad” iqnes miCneuli. (isic unda aRiniSnos,
rom heteroseqsualebis mxridan, lesboselebis qamin auTi zogjer aRiqmeba
“tendenciur” faqtad da im “simamacis” aRiareba, rac am nabijs sWirdeba hetero-
patriarqalur sazogadoebaSi xSirad ugulebelyofilia). heteroseqsuali
feministebisgan cotam Tu scada im sakiTxze koncentrireba, Tu ra sivrceSia
SesaZlebeli, kadiatu kanehis (1993:46) sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, “mizanmimarTuli
politikuri poziciis” mqone usafrTxo da paeqrobis miRma myofi identobis
konstruireba.

daskvna
am TavSi Cven SevexeT im sakiTxebs, romliTac socialuri konstruqtivistebi
SeiZleba dainteresdnen heteroseqsualobasTan mimarTebaSi, yuradReba gavamaxvileT
heteroseqsualobis, rogorc “savaldebulo instituciis”, aseve
heteroseqsualuri “qamin auTis” problemebze da heteroseqsualuri identobis
bunebaze. heteroseqsualobaze dasmuli kiTxvebi xSirad ritorikulad JRerda
(Frye, 1992:55), maT mimarT damokidebuleba ki parodiis elementebs Seicavda da
homoseqsualobis Sesaxeb dasmuli kiTxvebis iumoristul inversiebs warmoadgenda
(c.f. Hanscombe, 1987). heteroseqsualobis kiTxvis niSnis qveS dayeneba seriozuli
toniT absurdad aRiqmeboda bevri radikalisTvisac ki.
Cven SevecadeT, gveCvenebina is Teoriuli Tu politikuli qveteqsti, funqcia da
sargebeli, rac heteroseqsualobis seriozul analizs SeiZleba hqondes.
magaliTad, imis gageba, Tu ra gzebiT xdeba heteroseqsualobis “uaryofa”, “Tavs
moxveva” an “arCeva”, saSualebas gvaZlevs ufro Rrmad CavwvdeT misi, rogorc
mCagvreli instituciis arssa da im meqanizmebs, romliTac heteroqseqsualoba
genderuli dayofis polarizacias axdens. heteroseqsualuri “qamin auTis”, aseve
homoseqsualur da heteroseqsualur “qcevebsa” da “ identobebs” Soris kavSiris
SedarebiTi analizi afarToebs Cvens warmodgenas normatiuli da aranormatiuli
identobebis konstruirebis procesze. heteroseqsualur da lesbosur identobebs
Soris simetriis Zieba ki aaSkaravebs im politikur sarCulsa da mniSvnelobas,
rac eniWebaT am identobebs.
rogorc Sarlota banCma Tqva Tavis 1975 wlis statiaSi “ara mxolod
lesboselebisTvis”:
“qalTa Cagvris procesSi heteroseqsualobis rolis analizi yvela qalisTvis
mniSvnelovania ganurCevlad seqsualuri orientaciisa. am Cagvras, pirvel rigSi,
lesboselebi ganicdian Tundac materialuri TvalsazrisiT. maTTvis es Cagvra

14


cxadi da gasagebia ara imitom, rom ufro moralurebi arian, aramed imitom, rom
sxva realobaSi uwevT cxovreba, materialurad gansxvavebul realobaSi. imisda
miuxedavad, uSualod ganicdiT am Cagvras Tu ara, igi Tqven mainc gexebaT, amitom
vcdilobT, Tqvenc iyoT CarTulni heteroseqsualuri dominaciis winaaRmdeg
brZolaSi, Tuki gsurT, rom SecvaloT sazogadoeba da Tu gsurT gadarCeT”.
(Bunch, 1975)
ase rom, heteroseqsualobis funqciebis da mniSvnelobis analizi genderuli
struqturis ara mxolod gagebas, aramed gardaqmnasac uwyobs xels. aseTi analizi
mniSvnelovania rogorc heteroseqsualebis, aseve lesboselebisTvis.

inglisuridan Targmna
nino xarCilavam

15

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