1. 2. Overview of Art in the 19th Century and its situation in Spain By Mariana Freijomil Seoane
2. The 19th Century in Europe was a period full of Changes in different levels: Political Changes Most European countries got a democratic constitution and the monarquies lost power. The 19th century is also marked by the collapse of the Spanish, Portuguese, Holy Roman and Mughal empires. This paved the way for the growing influence of the British Empire, the German Empire and the United States, spurring military conflicts but also advance in science and exploration. Social and economic changes The 19th century was an era of inventions and discovery, with significant developments in the fields of mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, electricity, and metallurgy that lay the groundwork for the technological advances of the 20th century. This new century will see the birth of two new social classes: the workers and the bourgeoisie. All this changes became evident in different artistic and architectural movements along this period...
3. The town planning Town-planingreform of Barcelona, “Plan Cerdà” 1860 Town-planingreform of Paris, 1853-1869 Town-Planing reform of Viena “Ring” 1859-1872
4. Architecture: Between Historicism and Art Noveau Christian Jank, EduardRiedel and Georg Dollman: NeuschawansteinCastel (1869-1886). Baviera
10. Sculpture Ricardo Bellver: Fallen angel. 1876. Madrid Auguste Rodin, Thethinker. 1880-1902 Honoré Daumier. Ratapoil. 1850. Paris
11. Painting Neoclassical Art Training: Paris was the center of the cultural world. Ecole des Beaux-Arts renowned academy in Europe. Ateliers : Private studios offering instruction. Paris Salon was a preeminent place to show art. Controlled by juries that stressed conservative views of art. Gradually, alternatives begin to appear to meet needs for different forms of art. That will be completely developed with the Impressionists.
12. Mainartisticmovementsforus: Romanticism (1790-1830) Characteristics: Imaginative and subjective approach Emotional intensity / mythical experience Dream-like or visionary quality Denied previous social conventions such as the position of the aristocracy Depiction of apparently daily experience Experimentation with non-classical forms Artist as a genius Interest in: The past Ruins in contact with nature Mythic and legendary material Representativeartists France: Delacroix, Gericoult, Ingrés Germany: Friedrich England: Turner Spain: Goya
18. Working class and broad panorama of society- Psychological motivation of characters Representativeartists: France: Millet, Courbet, Corot Spain: (differentdevelopment): Fortuny Italy: Fattori Germany: Leibl
23. 3. Impressionism ( 1870-1900) Characteristics: a) There are no insignificant subjects, just bad or well done works: landscapes, town’s view, marine landscapes, portraits... b) There is an increase of the influence of photography: - open composition and unusual angles. c) Emphasis on light and in its change with the pass of time. d) Inclusion of movement and human perception and experience of the subject. e) New techniques: - Strokes of paint are used to capture the essence of the subject. - Wet paint over wet paint. - Outdoor painting. Representativeartists France: Monet, Manet, Degás, Renoir, Cézanne. Spain: Sorolla
36. Post- Impressionism Post-Impressionism developed from Impressionism. From the 1880s several artists began to develop different precepts for the use of color, pattern, form, and line, derived from the Impressionist example: Vincent van Gogh, Paul Gauguin, Georges Seurat and Henri Toulousse - Lautrec. These artists were slightly younger than the Impressionists, and their work is known as post-Impressionism. Some of the original Impressionist artists also ventured into this new territory as Camille Pissarro and Paul Cézanne.
42. Symbolism (end of the 19th century) Characteristics: Give visual form to states of mind or emotions. Inner world of fantasy, irrational world. Subjects of the human mind. The Black paintings of Francisco de Goya and Cauguin’s work as inspiration. Mainartist France: Moreau, Rousseau, Redon England: Rossetti Austria: Klimt
