19. Writing on Papyrus Book of the Dead, c. 1300 B.C.E. (Papyrus of Ani: Scroll, 78 feet long)
20. Papyrus Papyrus is a plant that grew only in the Nile Delta. Young stems were cut into strips and pressed together.
21. “ After 2000 B.C.E., the central administration employed an army of scribes … literacy was valued as a stepping-stone to prosperity and social rank.” – Innis, p. 24
22. The Egyptian god Thoth was a scribe and, in some accounts, the inventor of writing.
23. Hieratic script (above) developed along with hieroglyphic writing in Egypt . Demotic script (right) came later.
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29. The longevity of an empire depends on its ability to extend itself over both time and space.
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31. Egypt and Sumer Presentation by Mindy McAdams University of Florida