The document summarizes the two Chechen wars between Russia and Chechnya between 1994-1996 and 1999-2002. It led to tens of thousands of military and civilian casualties and cemented Chechnya's de facto independence after the first war. The conflicts involved Russian military operations against Chechen separatists and were marked by hostage crises, including at a Moscow theater and Beslan school.

2. Where is Chechnya? Source: Wikipedia.com