Living Systems. eukaryotes. best pix

2. Introduction

4. p.2a

5. p.2b

6. p.3a

7. p.3b

8. p.3c

9. animation Click to view animation.

10. Fig. 1-1a, p.5 atom Smallest unit of an element that still retains the element’s properties. Electrons, protons, and neutrons are its building blocks. This hydrogen atom’s electron zips around a proton in a spherical volume of space.

11. Fig. 1-1b, p.4 molecule Two or more joined atoms of the same or different elements. “Molecules of life” are complex carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, DNA, and RNA. Only living cells now make them.

12. Fig. 1-1c, p.4 cell Smallest unit that can live and reproduce on its own or as part of a multicelled organism. It has an outer membrane, DNA, and other components.

13. Fig. 1-1d, p.4 tissue Organized aggregation of cells and substances interacting in a specialized activity. Many cells ( white ) made this bone tissue from their own secretions.

14. Fig. 1-1e, p.5 organ Structural unit made of two or more tissues interacting in some task. A parrotfish eye is a sensory organ used in vision.

15. Fig. 1-1f, p.5 organ system Organs interacting physically, chemically, or both in some task. Parrotfish skin is an integumentary system with tissue layers, organs such as glands, and other parts.

16. Fig. 1-1g, p.5 multicelled organism Individual made of different types of cells. Cells of most multicelled organisms, including this Red Sea parrotfish, are organized as tissues, organs, and organ systems.

17. Fig. 1-1h, p.5 population Group of single-celled or multicelled individuals of the same species occupying a specified area. This is a fish population in the Red Sea.

18. Fig. 1-1i, p.5 community All populations of all species occupying a specified area. This is part of a coral reef in the Gulf of Aqaba at the northern end of the Red Sea.

19. Fig. 1-1j, p.5 ecosystem A community that is interacting with its physical environment. It has inputs and outputs of energy and materials. Reef ecosystems flourish in warm, clear seawater throughout the Middle East.

20. Fig. 1-1k, p.5 the biosphere All regions of the Earth’s waters, crust, and atmosphere that hold organisms. In the vast universe, Earth is a rare planet. Without its abundance of free-flowing water, there would be no life.

21. Fig. 1-1, p.4 Stepped Art atom cell tissue organ organ system molecule

22. Fig. 1-1, p.4 Stepped Art community multicelled organism population ecosystem the biosphere

23. animation Click to view animation.

24. Fig. 1-2, p.6

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26. Fig. 1-3a, p.6

27. Fig. 1-3b, p.6

28. Fig. 1-3c, p.6

29. Fig. 1-3d, p.6

30. Fig. 1-3e, p.6

31. animation Click to view animation.

32. energy input (mainly sunlight) producers (plants and other self-feeding organisms; they make their own food from simple raw materials) nutrient cycling consumers, decomposers (animals, most fungi, many protists, many bacteria that can’t make their own food) energy output (mainly metabolic heat) Fig. 1-4, p.7

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34. Fig. 1-5, p.7

35. Bacteria (EUBACTERIA) Archaea (ARCHAEBACTERIA) Eukarya (EUKARYOTES) Fig. 1-6, p.8

37. animation Click to view animation.

38. p.9c

39. Fig. 1-7f, p.8

40. Fig. 1-7a, p.8

41. Fig. 1-7b, p.8

42. Fig. 1-7c, p.8

43. Fig. 1-7d, p.8

44. Fig. 1-7e, p.8

45. p.9a

46. p.9b

47. p.9d

48. p.9e

49. p.9f

50. p.9g

51. p.9h

52. Fig. 1-8a, p.10

53. Fig. 1-8b, p.10

54. Stepped Art Fig. 1-8b, p.10

55. Fig. 1-8c, p.10

56. p.11

57. CONTROL GROUP Gets regular potato chips EXPERIMENTAL GROUP Gets Olestra potato chips Make Prediction Eat potato chips Eat potato chips Analyze results Draw conclusion Eating Olestra potato chips does not cause intestinal distress If Olestra ® potato chips cause intestinal distress then people who eat them will get cramps Perform experiment 93 of 529 people (17.6%) suffer from cramps later 89 of 563 people (15.8%) suffer from cramps later About the same number of people in each group get cramps Fig. 1-9, p.12

58. Stepped Art Report on experimental design, test results, and conclusions drawn from results Fig. 1-9, p.12 Draw samples from some aspect of nature CONTROL GROUP The variable being tested is absent EXPERIMENTAL GROUP The variable being tested is present Compare and analyze the test results Compile results Compile results

59. p.12

60. Fig. 1-10a, p.13

61. Control Group 34 H. cydno individuals with yellow markings Experimental Group 46 H. cydno individuals with white markings Experiment Both yellow and white forms of H. cydno butterflies are introduced into isolated rain forest habitat of yellow H. eleuchia butterflies. Numbers of individuals resighted recorded on a daily basis for two weeks. Results Experimental group ( H. cydno individuals without yellow wing markings) is selected against. 37 of the original group of 46 white butterflies disappear (80%), compared with 20 of the 34 yellow controls (58%). one of the agents of selection Fig. 1-10c, p.13

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64. Fig. 1-11a, p.16

65. Fig. 1-11b, p.16

66. Fig. 1-11c, p.16

67. Fig. 1-11d, p.16

68. p.17

69. animation Click to view animation.