The document discusses the history of electricity from ancient Greeks discovering static electricity to modern developments. It describes early discoveries like the differentiation of positive and negative charges and classification of materials as conductors or insulators. In 1800, Alessandro Volta constructed the first electric battery and was the first to produce a steady electric current from chemical reactions. Michael Faraday later invented the electric dynamo in 1831, opening the door to using electricity in technology.

1. Transport in metallic systemsTransport in amorphous systemsTransport in semiconductors and heterojunctionsTransport in conjugated molecular systems

3. Classical Theory of Electrical Conduction in Materials (Drude Model)--- charge carrier density

4. Classical Theory of Electrical Conduction in Materials (Drude Model)--- charge carrier mobility

7. The history of electricity goes back more than two thousand years, to the time the Ancient Greeks discovered that rubbing fur on amber caused an attraction between the two. By the 17th century, many electricity-related discoveries had been made, such as the invention of an early electrostatic generator, the differentiation between positive and negative currents, and the classification of materials as conductors or insulators. In the year 1600, English physician William Gilbert conned the term electric, from the Greek elektron, to identify the force that certain substances exert when rubbed against each other. While many believe Benjamin Franklin to be the father of electricity, current findings seem to show otherwise. In 1752, Franklin is said to have performed the famous experiment of flying a kite during a thunderstorm, which led to the discovery that lightning and electricity were somehow related. Modern scientists know this to be something of a tall tale, since being hit by lightning would have been fatal. It's likely that Franklin was actually insulated, away from the path of lightning. The kite experiment helped Franklin establish a relationship between lightning and electricity, which led to the invention of the lightning rod. Benjamin Franklin went on to observe other phenomena related to electricity, but many believe that he didn't actually discover its true nature. In 1800, Italian-born physicist Alessandro Volta constructed the voltaic pile, later known as the electric battery, the first device to produce a steady electric current. It was Volta, not Franklin, who discovered that certain chemical reactions could produce electricity. Volta also created the first transmission of electricity by linking positively-charged and negatively-charged connectors and driving an electrical charge, or voltage, through them. It wasn't until 1831 that electricity became viable for use in technology. English scientist Michael Faraday created the electric dynamo, a crude precursor of modern power generators. This invention opened the door to the new era of electricity. A few decades later, in 1879, Thomas Alva Edison invented the light bulb. Source:www.wisegeek.com

8. Classical Theory of Electrical Conduction in Materials (Drude Model)--- temperature effect

11. Classical Theory of Electrical Conduction in Materials --- impurity effects

12. Matthiesen’s rule

13. Linde’s rule of metal’s resistivity

15. Quantum Mechanical Consideration

16. Quantum Mechanical Consideration

21. Transport in metallic systemsTransport in amorphous systemsTransport in semiconductors and heterojunctionsTransport in conjugated molecular systems

22. Anderson Localization Theory (PW Anderson, Phys. Rev. 109, 1492 (1958)

23. Conduction through hopping

24. Conduction through hopping

25. Modified hopping conduction by Efros and Shklovskii

26. Transport in metallic systemsTransport in amorphous systemsTransport in semiconductors and heterojunctionsTransport in conjugated molecular systems

27. Conduction in semiconductors vs metals

28. Conduction through tunneling

29. Conduction through tunneling

30. Conduction through tunneling----P-N Junction Esaki Diode

31. Conduction through tunneling----P-N Junction Esaki Diode

32. Quantum tunneling semiconductor devicesRTD

33. Quantum tunneling semiconductor devicesRTD

34. Quantum tunneling semiconductor devices-RTD (S.M. Sze, Modern Semiconductor Device Physics)

35. Transport in metallic systemsTransport in amorphous systemsTransport in semiconductors and heterojunctionsTransport in conjugated molecular systems

36. Alq Cathode Anode Substrate Photo source: Samsung

37. WHY and How Molecule Conduct Charge?

38. WHY and How Molecule Conduct Charge?

39. electric field Transporting molecule Hopping conduction WHY and How Molecule Conduct Charge?Injection and Transport