4. parts of a topographic map
1) Cardinal Directions
2) Eastings, Northings, 4 Figure Grid Reference
3) Contours
4) Symbols to represent things
5. parts of a topographic map
1) Cardinal Directions
2) Eastings, Northings, 4 Figure Grid Reference
3) Contours
4) Symbols to represent things
6. parts of a topographic map
1) Cardinal Directions
= basic compass directions
(north, south, east, west)
7. parts of a topographic map
1) Cardinal Directions
North
South
EastWest
8. parts of a topographic map
1) Cardinal Directions
North
South
EastWest
North-West North-East
South-East
South-West
9. parts of a topographic map
1) Cardinal Directions
let's try
10. parts of a topographic map
What is the direction of Sun Plaza from Sembawang Sec?
11. parts of a topographic map
What is the direction of Sun Plaza from Sembawang Sec?
12. parts of a topographic map
What is the direction of Sun Plaza from Sembawang Sec?
13. parts of a topographic map
What is the direction of Sun Plaza from Sembawang Sec?
North East!
14. parts of a topographic map
What is the direction of Blk 331 from Sembawang Sec?
15. parts of a topographic map
What is the direction of Blk 331 from Sembawang Sec?
16. parts of a topographic map
What is the direction of Blk 331 from Sembawang Sec?
17. parts of a topographic map
What is the direction of Blk 331 from Sembawang Sec?
North!
18. parts of a topographic map
What is the direction of Sembawang Sec from Blk 331?
19. parts of a topographic map
What is the direction of Sembawang Sec from Blk 331?
20. parts of a topographic map
What is the direction of Sembawang Sec from Blk 331?
21. parts of a topographic map
What is the direction of Sembawang Sec from Blk 331?
22. parts of a topographic map
What is the direction of Sembawang Sec from Blk 331?
South!!
23. parts of a topographic map
1) Cardinal Directions
Don't forget the word
"FROM"
24. parts of a topographic map
1) Cardinal Directions
Don't forget the word
"FROM"
you put the compass at
the "from" location
25. parts of a topographic map
1) Cardinal Directions
eg: How do you get to
Sun Plaza FROM
Sembawang Sec
You don't ask people to start
from Sun Plaza right? Same
idea here for directions. :)
26. parts of a topographic map
1) Cardinal Directions
2) Eastings, Northings, 4 Figure Grid Reference
3) Contours
4) Symbols to represent things
27. parts of a topographic map
Maps have grids to refer to different part of the
map
28. parts of a topographic map
Maps have grids to refer to different part of the
map
1 square
=
1 grid
29. parts of a topographic map
Eastings = vertical line
40 41 42 43 44 45 46
40 41 42 43 44 45 46
30. parts of a topographic map
Eastings = vertical line
Northings = horizontal line
40 41 42 43 44 45 46
40 41 42 43 44 45 46
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
32. parts of a topographic map
Eastings = vertical line
Northings = horizontal line
40 41 42 43 44 45 46
40 41 42 43 44 45 46
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
Refer to the area bounded by Easting 41 and 45, Northings 17 and 16
33. parts of a topographic map
Eastings = vertical line
Northings = horizontal line
40 41 42 43 44 45 46
40 41 42 43 44 45 46
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
Refer to the area bounded by Easting 41 and 45, Northings 17 and 16
34. parts of a topographic map
Eastings = vertical line
Northings = horizontal line
40 41 42 43 44 45 46
40 41 42 43 44 45 46
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
Refer to the area bounded by Easting 41 and 45, Northings 17 and 16
35. parts of a topographic map
Eastings = vertical line
Northings = horizontal line
40 41 42 43 44 45 46
40 41 42 43 44 45 46
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
Refer to the area shown in Fig. 1
Fig. 1
42 43
42 43
18
16
18
16
36. parts of a topographic map
Eastings = vertical line
Northings = horizontal line
40 41 42 43 44 45 46
40 41 42 43 44 45 46
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
Refer to the area shown in Fig. 1
Fig. 1
42 43
42 43
18
16
18
16
37. parts of a topographic map
Eastings = vertical line
Northings = horizontal line
40 41 42 43 44 45 46
40 41 42 43 44 45 46
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
Refer to the area shown in Fig. 1
Fig. 1
42 43
42 43
18
16
18
16
38. What if I just want to refer to 1 grid?
We use the 4 ïŹgure grid reference
39. parts of a topographic map
Eg: I want to refer to the grid in yellow
40. parts of a topographic map
refer to the bottom left corner of the grid
41. parts of a topographic map
refer to the bottom left corner of the grid
Get Northings and Easting of bottom left corner
42
16
42. parts of a topographic map
refer to the bottom left corner of the grid
Get Northings and Easting of bottom left corner
42
16
Put the
numbers
as 4
ïŹgures -
Eastings
then
Northings
43. parts of a topographic map
refer to the bottom left corner of the grid
Get Northings and Easting of bottom left corner
42
16
Put the
numbers
as 4
ïŹgures -
Eastings
then
Northings
4216
44. parts of a topographic map
To remember, use the LEFT HAND RULE
42
16
45. parts of a topographic map
Now you practice
What is the 4 ïŹg. grid reference of the peak of Mt Lala?
46. parts of a topographic map
Now you practice
What is the 4 ïŹg. grid reference of the peak of Mt Lala?
47. parts of a topographic map
Now you practice
What is the 4 ïŹg. grid reference of the peak of Mt Lala?
4317
48. parts of a topographic map
Now you practice
What is the 4 ïŹg. grid reference of the Warning System?
49. parts of a topographic map
Now you practice
What is the 4 ïŹg. grid reference of the Warning System?
50. parts of a topographic map
Now you practice
What is the 4 ïŹg. grid reference of the Warning System?
4314
51. parts of a topographic map
1) Cardinal Directions
2) Eastings, Northings, 4 Figure Grid Reference
3) Contours
4) Symbols to represent things
52. parts of a topographic map
Contours:
Imaginary Lines that join the
same height together
53. parts of a topographic map
Contours:
Imaginary Lines that join the
same height together
50m 50m 50m
100m 100m
54. parts of a topographic map
Contours:
We see the line from the top view
and put it on the map
55. parts of a topographic map
Contours:
to represent height, gradient and shape
56. parts of a topographic map
Contours:
if contour lines are closer, it means the
gradient is steeper or more gentle?
57. parts of a topographic map
if contour lines are closer, it means the
gradient is steeper or more gentle?
Steep
or
gentle?
58. parts of a topographic map
Steep
gradient
as
contour
lines are
close
together