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Topographic Map Reading
what is a topographic map?
A map that shows an area
with a lot of details
- height of land, gradient
- shape
- human features
Example:
parts of a topographic map
1) Cardinal Directions
2) Eastings, Northings, 4 Figure Grid Reference
3) Contours
4) Symbols to represent things
parts of a topographic map
1) Cardinal Directions
2) Eastings, Northings, 4 Figure Grid Reference
3) Contours
4) Symbols to represent things
parts of a topographic map
1) Cardinal Directions
= basic compass directions
(north, south, east, west)
parts of a topographic map
1) Cardinal Directions
North
South
EastWest
parts of a topographic map
1) Cardinal Directions
North
South
EastWest
North-West North-East
South-East
South-West
parts of a topographic map
1) Cardinal Directions
let's try
parts of a topographic map
What is the direction of Sun Plaza from Sembawang Sec?
parts of a topographic map
What is the direction of Sun Plaza from Sembawang Sec?
parts of a topographic map
What is the direction of Sun Plaza from Sembawang Sec?
parts of a topographic map
What is the direction of Sun Plaza from Sembawang Sec?
North East!
parts of a topographic map
What is the direction of Blk 331 from Sembawang Sec?
parts of a topographic map
What is the direction of Blk 331 from Sembawang Sec?
parts of a topographic map
What is the direction of Blk 331 from Sembawang Sec?
parts of a topographic map
What is the direction of Blk 331 from Sembawang Sec?
North!
parts of a topographic map
What is the direction of Sembawang Sec from Blk 331?
parts of a topographic map
What is the direction of Sembawang Sec from Blk 331?
parts of a topographic map
What is the direction of Sembawang Sec from Blk 331?
parts of a topographic map
What is the direction of Sembawang Sec from Blk 331?
parts of a topographic map
What is the direction of Sembawang Sec from Blk 331?
South!!
parts of a topographic map
1) Cardinal Directions
Don't forget the word
"FROM"
parts of a topographic map
1) Cardinal Directions
Don't forget the word
"FROM"
you put the compass at
the "from" location
parts of a topographic map
1) Cardinal Directions
eg: How do you get to
Sun Plaza FROM
Sembawang Sec
You don't ask people to start
from Sun Plaza right? Same
idea here for directions. :)
parts of a topographic map
1) Cardinal Directions
2) Eastings, Northings, 4 Figure Grid Reference
3) Contours
4) Symbols to represent things
parts of a topographic map
Maps have grids to refer to different part of the
map
parts of a topographic map
Maps have grids to refer to different part of the
map
1 square
=
1 grid
parts of a topographic map
Eastings = vertical line
40 41 42 43 44 45 46
40 41 42 43 44 45 46
parts of a topographic map
Eastings = vertical line
Northings = horizontal line
40 41 42 43 44 45 46
40 41 42 43 44 45 46
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
Ways to refer to location on the map
parts of a topographic map
Eastings = vertical line
Northings = horizontal line
40 41 42 43 44 45 46
40 41 42 43 44 45 46
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
Refer to the area bounded by Easting 41 and 45, Northings 17 and 16
parts of a topographic map
Eastings = vertical line
Northings = horizontal line
40 41 42 43 44 45 46
40 41 42 43 44 45 46
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
Refer to the area bounded by Easting 41 and 45, Northings 17 and 16
parts of a topographic map
Eastings = vertical line
Northings = horizontal line
40 41 42 43 44 45 46
40 41 42 43 44 45 46
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
Refer to the area bounded by Easting 41 and 45, Northings 17 and 16
parts of a topographic map
Eastings = vertical line
Northings = horizontal line
40 41 42 43 44 45 46
40 41 42 43 44 45 46
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
Refer to the area shown in Fig. 1
Fig. 1
42 43
42 43
18
16
18
16
parts of a topographic map
Eastings = vertical line
Northings = horizontal line
40 41 42 43 44 45 46
40 41 42 43 44 45 46
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
Refer to the area shown in Fig. 1
Fig. 1
42 43
42 43
18
16
18
16
parts of a topographic map
Eastings = vertical line
Northings = horizontal line
40 41 42 43 44 45 46
40 41 42 43 44 45 46
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
Refer to the area shown in Fig. 1
Fig. 1
42 43
42 43
18
16
18
16
What if I just want to refer to 1 grid?
We use the 4 ïŹgure grid reference
parts of a topographic map
Eg: I want to refer to the grid in yellow
parts of a topographic map
refer to the bottom left corner of the grid
parts of a topographic map
refer to the bottom left corner of the grid
Get Northings and Easting of bottom left corner
42
16
parts of a topographic map
refer to the bottom left corner of the grid
Get Northings and Easting of bottom left corner
42
16
Put the
numbers
as 4
ïŹgures -
Eastings
then
Northings
parts of a topographic map
refer to the bottom left corner of the grid
Get Northings and Easting of bottom left corner
42
16
Put the
numbers
as 4
ïŹgures -
Eastings
then
Northings
4216
parts of a topographic map
To remember, use the LEFT HAND RULE
42
16
parts of a topographic map
Now you practice
What is the 4 ïŹg. grid reference of the peak of Mt Lala?
parts of a topographic map
Now you practice
What is the 4 ïŹg. grid reference of the peak of Mt Lala?
parts of a topographic map
Now you practice
What is the 4 ïŹg. grid reference of the peak of Mt Lala?
4317
parts of a topographic map
Now you practice
What is the 4 ïŹg. grid reference of the Warning System?
parts of a topographic map
Now you practice
What is the 4 ïŹg. grid reference of the Warning System?
parts of a topographic map
Now you practice
What is the 4 ïŹg. grid reference of the Warning System?
4314
parts of a topographic map
1) Cardinal Directions
2) Eastings, Northings, 4 Figure Grid Reference
3) Contours
4) Symbols to represent things
parts of a topographic map
Contours:
Imaginary Lines that join the
same height together
parts of a topographic map
Contours:
Imaginary Lines that join the
same height together
50m 50m 50m
100m 100m
parts of a topographic map
Contours:
We see the line from the top view
and put it on the map
parts of a topographic map
Contours:
to represent height, gradient and shape
parts of a topographic map
Contours:
if contour lines are closer, it means the
gradient is steeper or more gentle?
parts of a topographic map
if contour lines are closer, it means the
gradient is steeper or more gentle?
Steep
or
gentle?
parts of a topographic map
Steep
gradient
as
contour
lines are
close
together
parts of a topographic map
Steep or
gentle?
parts of a topographic map
Gentle as
contour
lines are
far apart
parts of a topographic map
Do the hand out

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Map reading (1)

  • 2. what is a topographic map? A map that shows an area with a lot of details - height of land, gradient - shape - human features
  • 4. parts of a topographic map 1) Cardinal Directions 2) Eastings, Northings, 4 Figure Grid Reference 3) Contours 4) Symbols to represent things
  • 5. parts of a topographic map 1) Cardinal Directions 2) Eastings, Northings, 4 Figure Grid Reference 3) Contours 4) Symbols to represent things
  • 6. parts of a topographic map 1) Cardinal Directions = basic compass directions (north, south, east, west)
  • 7. parts of a topographic map 1) Cardinal Directions North South EastWest
  • 8. parts of a topographic map 1) Cardinal Directions North South EastWest North-West North-East South-East South-West
  • 9. parts of a topographic map 1) Cardinal Directions let's try
  • 10. parts of a topographic map What is the direction of Sun Plaza from Sembawang Sec?
  • 11. parts of a topographic map What is the direction of Sun Plaza from Sembawang Sec?
  • 12. parts of a topographic map What is the direction of Sun Plaza from Sembawang Sec?
  • 13. parts of a topographic map What is the direction of Sun Plaza from Sembawang Sec? North East!
  • 14. parts of a topographic map What is the direction of Blk 331 from Sembawang Sec?
  • 15. parts of a topographic map What is the direction of Blk 331 from Sembawang Sec?
  • 16. parts of a topographic map What is the direction of Blk 331 from Sembawang Sec?
  • 17. parts of a topographic map What is the direction of Blk 331 from Sembawang Sec? North!
  • 18. parts of a topographic map What is the direction of Sembawang Sec from Blk 331?
  • 19. parts of a topographic map What is the direction of Sembawang Sec from Blk 331?
  • 20. parts of a topographic map What is the direction of Sembawang Sec from Blk 331?
  • 21. parts of a topographic map What is the direction of Sembawang Sec from Blk 331?
  • 22. parts of a topographic map What is the direction of Sembawang Sec from Blk 331? South!!
  • 23. parts of a topographic map 1) Cardinal Directions Don't forget the word "FROM"
  • 24. parts of a topographic map 1) Cardinal Directions Don't forget the word "FROM" you put the compass at the "from" location
  • 25. parts of a topographic map 1) Cardinal Directions eg: How do you get to Sun Plaza FROM Sembawang Sec You don't ask people to start from Sun Plaza right? Same idea here for directions. :)
  • 26. parts of a topographic map 1) Cardinal Directions 2) Eastings, Northings, 4 Figure Grid Reference 3) Contours 4) Symbols to represent things
  • 27. parts of a topographic map Maps have grids to refer to different part of the map
  • 28. parts of a topographic map Maps have grids to refer to different part of the map 1 square = 1 grid
  • 29. parts of a topographic map Eastings = vertical line 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 40 41 42 43 44 45 46
  • 30. parts of a topographic map Eastings = vertical line Northings = horizontal line 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 19 18 17 16 15 14 13
  • 31. Ways to refer to location on the map
  • 32. parts of a topographic map Eastings = vertical line Northings = horizontal line 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 Refer to the area bounded by Easting 41 and 45, Northings 17 and 16
  • 33. parts of a topographic map Eastings = vertical line Northings = horizontal line 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 Refer to the area bounded by Easting 41 and 45, Northings 17 and 16
  • 34. parts of a topographic map Eastings = vertical line Northings = horizontal line 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 Refer to the area bounded by Easting 41 and 45, Northings 17 and 16
  • 35. parts of a topographic map Eastings = vertical line Northings = horizontal line 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 Refer to the area shown in Fig. 1 Fig. 1 42 43 42 43 18 16 18 16
  • 36. parts of a topographic map Eastings = vertical line Northings = horizontal line 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 Refer to the area shown in Fig. 1 Fig. 1 42 43 42 43 18 16 18 16
  • 37. parts of a topographic map Eastings = vertical line Northings = horizontal line 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 Refer to the area shown in Fig. 1 Fig. 1 42 43 42 43 18 16 18 16
  • 38. What if I just want to refer to 1 grid? We use the 4 ïŹgure grid reference
  • 39. parts of a topographic map Eg: I want to refer to the grid in yellow
  • 40. parts of a topographic map refer to the bottom left corner of the grid
  • 41. parts of a topographic map refer to the bottom left corner of the grid Get Northings and Easting of bottom left corner 42 16
  • 42. parts of a topographic map refer to the bottom left corner of the grid Get Northings and Easting of bottom left corner 42 16 Put the numbers as 4 ïŹgures - Eastings then Northings
  • 43. parts of a topographic map refer to the bottom left corner of the grid Get Northings and Easting of bottom left corner 42 16 Put the numbers as 4 ïŹgures - Eastings then Northings 4216
  • 44. parts of a topographic map To remember, use the LEFT HAND RULE 42 16
  • 45. parts of a topographic map Now you practice What is the 4 ïŹg. grid reference of the peak of Mt Lala?
  • 46. parts of a topographic map Now you practice What is the 4 ïŹg. grid reference of the peak of Mt Lala?
  • 47. parts of a topographic map Now you practice What is the 4 ïŹg. grid reference of the peak of Mt Lala? 4317
  • 48. parts of a topographic map Now you practice What is the 4 ïŹg. grid reference of the Warning System?
  • 49. parts of a topographic map Now you practice What is the 4 ïŹg. grid reference of the Warning System?
  • 50. parts of a topographic map Now you practice What is the 4 ïŹg. grid reference of the Warning System? 4314
  • 51. parts of a topographic map 1) Cardinal Directions 2) Eastings, Northings, 4 Figure Grid Reference 3) Contours 4) Symbols to represent things
  • 52. parts of a topographic map Contours: Imaginary Lines that join the same height together
  • 53. parts of a topographic map Contours: Imaginary Lines that join the same height together 50m 50m 50m 100m 100m
  • 54. parts of a topographic map Contours: We see the line from the top view and put it on the map
  • 55. parts of a topographic map Contours: to represent height, gradient and shape
  • 56. parts of a topographic map Contours: if contour lines are closer, it means the gradient is steeper or more gentle?
  • 57. parts of a topographic map if contour lines are closer, it means the gradient is steeper or more gentle? Steep or gentle?
  • 58. parts of a topographic map Steep gradient as contour lines are close together
  • 59. parts of a topographic map Steep or gentle?
  • 60. parts of a topographic map Gentle as contour lines are far apart
  • 61. parts of a topographic map Do the hand out