7. HOW TO GET DATA FROM THE WEB?
DATA IS PRESENT ON SOME WEBSITES
Wikipedia,GitHub,Twitter,Facebook,…
HOW TO GET IT?
different,evolvingandproprietaryWebAPIs
variousdataexchangeformats
11. HOW TO GET DATA FROM THE WEB?
DATA IS LOCKED IN “DATA ISLANDS”
Wikipedia,GitHub,Twitter,Facebook,…
LIMITED OR NO ACCESS TO THIS DATA
different,evolvingandproprietaryWebAPIs
variousdataexchangeformats
12. DATA ON THE WEB IS NOT ENOUGH!
weneedaproperinfrastructure
DATA SHOULD BE AVAILABLE ON THE WEB
accessibleandstructuredviastandardWebtechnologies
notcontrolledbyapplications,only
DATA SHOULD BE INTERLINKED OVER THE WEB
i.e.,datacanbeintegratedovertheWeb
THIS IS WHERE SEMANTIC WEB COME IN
14. To a computer,theWeb is a flat,boring world, devoid of
meaning. This is a pity, as in factdocumentson theWeb
describereal objects and imaginary concepts.[…]
Adding semanticstothe Web involvestwothings: allowing
documents which have informationin machine-readable
forms, and allowing links tobe createdwith relationship
values. Only when we have this extra level of semanticswe
will be able touse computerpower tohelp us exploit the
information toa greaterextent than our own reading.
TIM BERNERS-LEE,1994
16. I have a dream for the Web [in which computers]become
capableof analyzing all thedata on the Web – thecontent,
links, and transactionbetweenpeople and computers.
A “SemanticWeb”, which should make thispossible, has yet
to emerge, but when it does, the day-to-day mechanismsof
trade, bureaucracy and our daily lives will be handled by
machinestalking to machines.The“intelligentagents”people
have toutedfor ages will finally materialize.
TIM BERNERS-LEE,1999
Weaving the Web–The OriginalDesign and Ultimate Destiny of the WorldWideWebby Its Inventor.
Tim Berners-Lee,HarperSan Francisco,September1999
17. THE SEMANTIC WEB IS A WEB OF DATA
THE SEMANTIC WEB IS THE WEB
samebasetechnologies,evolutionary,decentralized
IT IS ABOUT COMMON FORMATS
forintegrationandcombinationofdatadrawnfromdiversesources
IT IS ABOUT A LANGUAGE
forrecordinghowthedatarelatestorealworldobjects
18. WHAT IS THE RELATIONSHIP WITH AI?
INFLUENCE
SometechnologiesintheSemanticWebbenefitedalotfromAIresearch
anddevelopment(andviceversa)
DIFFERENT GOALS
ArtificialIntelligenceapproach:buildsmartermachines,teach
computerstoinferthemeaningofdata
SemanticWebapproach:havesmarterdata,makedataeasierfor
machinestofind,accessandprocess
40. EXAMPLE:BOOKSTORE
http://...isbn/9780136042594 Artificial Intelligence: A Modern
Approach
Prentice Hall
Russel, Stuart
Norvig, Peter
title
publisher
author
author
http://...isbn/9788871925936
Intelligenza Artificiale. Un
approccio moderno
Prentice Hall
title
publisher
original
Russel, Stuart
Norvig, Peter
creator
creator
41. EXAMPLE:BOOKSTORE
http://...isbn/9780136042594 Artificial Intelligence: A Modern
Approach
Prentice Hall
Russel, Stuart
Norvig, Peter
title
publisher
author
author
http://...isbn/9788871925936
Intelligenza Artificiale. Un
approccio moderno
Prentice Hall
title
publisher
original
Russel, Stuart
Norvig, Peter
creator
creator
Whataboutmergingcreatorandauthor?
InRDF,itisnotpossible!
42. PROBLEM:FIELD NAMES ARE ARBITRARY
Synonyms:authororcreatorormakerorcontributoror…
Singularorplural:authororauthors
SOLUTION:STANDARDS
generalordomain-specific
45. FRIEND OF AFRIEND (FOAF)
GENERAL ONTOLOGY
Describepersons,theiractivitiesandtheirrelationstootherpeopleand
objects
http://www.foaf-project.org
BUILDING BLOCKS TO DEFINE STRUCTURED
RELATIONS BETWEEN PEOPLE
Definename,familyName,givenName,knows,age,nick,etc.
57. WEB ONTOLOGY LANGUAGE
INDIVIDUALS,CLASSES AND PROPERTIES
“PolitecnicodiTorinoisauniversity”
“PolitecnicodiTorinohasaprofessornamedElioPiccolo”
“PolitecnicodiTorino”isanobject:anindividualinOWL2
“university”isacategory:aclassinOWL2
“hasaprofessor”isarelation:apropertyinOWL2
“ElioPiccolo”isanindividual,too
60. EXAMPLE:BOOKSTORE
Intelligenza Artificiale. Un
approccio moderno
Prentice Hall
dc:title
dc:publisher
Artificial Intelligence: A Modern
Approach
Prentice Hall
dc:title
dc:publisher
Libro
Book
rdfs:type
rdf:type
http://...isbn/9788871925936
http://...isbn/9780136042594
61. EXAMPLE:BOOKSTORE
Intelligenza Artificiale. Un
approccio moderno
Prentice Hall
dc:title
dc:publisher
Artificial Intelligence: A Modern
Approach
Prentice Hall
dc:title
dc:publisher
Libro
Book
rdfs:type
rdf:type
owl:sameAs
http://...isbn/9788871925936
http://...isbn/9780136042594
64. EXAMPLE:BOOKSTORE
BUILD THE MODEL
1. Describethebusinessentity
2. Describetheoffereditems
3. Describetheoffer
4. Linktheoffertothebusinessentity
SEARCH IN THE MODEL
65. DESCRIBE THE BUSINESS ENTITY
default:BookStore_1
agr:BusinessEntity;
gr:legalName“bookstore.comLtd.”^^xsd:string.
Bookstore_1