2. Active citizens
The relationship between social
entrepreneurship, social innovation and
public participation?
And with sustainable development?
3. The meaning of citizenship
Two different historical traditions:
Individual rights (status)
Obligations to a community (practice)
Participation as Citizen right –
antiquity, Greece, Rome
Citizenship as obligation – reaction to
individualism in liberal political
discourse
4. Citizenship?
Relation to democracy – governance
Force of both inclusion and exclusion
Relation to socially categories?
How to become a citizen
Q of state policy – also Q of identity
5. Human agency
Citizenship as participation :
expression of agency in the political
arena
Challenging the construction of people
as passive victims etc.
To be a citizen – to act as a citizen
Politics with a small ”p”
6. Challenges
What is democracy?
The inactive citizen
Welfare provision by business –
influence as consumer, not citizen –
“marketization”
7. Importance of community
participation
Impact on individuals as well as on the wider
community (Putnam)
Social cohesion
”Social capital” – ”networks, norms and
trust”
”the capillaries of community life”
8. Social innovation can also
be about being able to
take part in the community
”The capabilities
approach” (A. Sen)
If social innovation and
social entrepreneurship is
about citizens taking on
the problems they face –
then it’s obviously about
governance
9. Consultations
Dialogue
Face-to-face /
web (social media)
Art/design
”The Open Book of Social
Innovation” (Young
Foundation 2010)
http://www.nesta.org.uk/library/documents/Social_Innovator_020310.pdf
10. Motivation
Expertise
Creativity skills/ framework
This is valid for both social and commercial
innovation
14. Bureaucracy “by the book”
Status Quo culture
Power struggles
Conservative environment
Communication problems
Only negative feedback
15. Early 20th century: FOR the citizens
Late 20th century: WITH the citizens
21st century: BY the citizens
Why?
Citizens get the solution they need
Greater chance of sustainability