1. Chapter 15 Lecture Outline Air, Weather, and Climate

7. Aurora Borealis : a natural light display in the sky particularly in the high latitude regions, caused by the collision of energetic charged particles with atoms in the high altitude atmosphere.

9. The atmosphere is divided into five layers. It is thickest near the surface and thins out with height until it eventually merges with space. 1) The troposphere is the first layer above the surface and contains half of the Earth's atmosphere. Weather occurs in this layer. 2) Many jet aircrafts fly in the stratosphere because it is very stable. Also, the ozone layer absorbs harmful rays from the Sun. 3) Meteors or rock fragments burn up in the mesosphere . 4) The thermosphere is a layer with auroras. It is also where the space shuttle orbits. 5) The atmosphere merges into space in the extremely thin exosphere . This is the upper limit of our atmosphere. http://www.theozonehole.com/atmosphere.htm

10. The Ozone Hole October 15,2011 NOAA Antarctic Ozone Hole Reaches Annual Maximum At 25 million square kilometers (about 9.7 million square miles), the ozone hole over the South Pole reached its maximum annual size on September 14, 2011. This year’s hole was the 5th largest on record, as documented by the SBUV/2 sensor on board the NOAA POES spacecrafts.

25. Summer Monsoons in India

29. Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale

30. Source Areas

31. Pattern of Movement

37. Cyclonic Storms Katrina August 28, 2005

48. CO 2 Measurements from Mauna Loa

52. 2005 Heat Wave

53. Projected Sea Level Rises by 2100

55. Climate Models vs. Observed Climate Change

57. Warming Ability of Various Green House Gases

58. Contributors to Global Warming

62. For the first time, data from ESA’s CryoSat mission have been used to map the height of the ice sheet that blankets Antarctica. The preliminary data used here are from February and March 2011. More data still need to be collected to study the ice sheet in detail. Nevertheless, CryoSat's ability to map the edges of the ice sheet is demonstrated by the detail that can be seen of the flow from east Antarctica onto the Ronne-Filchner ice shelf in the west. Orbiting closer to the poles than other Earth observation missions, CryoSat offers additional coverage. The outer white circle represents the limits of earlier missions and the inner circle shows that CryoSat is collecting data up 88° latitude. Credits: CPOM/UCL/ESA/Planetary Visions

71. Table of Stabilization Wedges

73. Carbon Capture and Storage