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What is PTSD?

Paragraph 1: Shell Shock

TS: Shell Shock was a term used back when the symptoms of PTSD were first started to show
during and after the war.

CD1: “ The term Shell Shock gave the impression that person had been close to an explosion,
but military physicians realized at proximity had nothing to do with it.” (Thomas, 10)

CM1: The thought of a soldier being frightened from the blasts and loud noises
was thought to have caused this strange sickness

CM2: The military started to realize this wasn't true when the noticed soldiers no
where near the explosions were experiencing the same symptoms.

CD2: Charles Myers, a psychologist serving at the front, wrote that Shell Shock occurred
“where the tolerable or controllable limits of horror, fear, anxiety etc. are overstepped.” (Thomas,
11)

CM1: This just explains the major agony that the soldiers go through and what
they have witnessed.

CM2:( Need more info)

CD3: “The battles were so intense that it was not uncommon to find soldiers on the
battlefield suffering from amnesia, unable to recall their name or the name of their
hometown.”(Thomas, 11 & 12)

CM1: Soldiers brains refused to face what horror was before them so they would
just strike up random amnesia.

CM2: This was the brain’s way of dealing with what was going on at the moment.

WS: Even long after the war was over, doctors were still dealing with veterans that were
suffering from Shell Shock or what is now known today as PTSD.

Paragraph 2: How did the military/doctors treat it?

TS: The military and physicians dealt with Shell Shock a lot differently than they do currently.

CD1: “There was no room for unfit soldiers at the front. They were evacuated,
hospitalized and often treated with electric shock therapy.”(Thomas, 12)

CM1: The soldiers were needed back on the front line so they would evacuate
the mentally sick soldiers and gave the electric shock therapy until their symptoms went away
and they would send them right back in the war.

CM2: (More Info needed)

CD2: “ Men who wandered away from the front on their own were branded deserters and
set before a firing squad.”(Thomas, 12)

CM1: These men were thought as cowards and to be shamed for deserting their
country.

CM2: Soldiers were killed in front of others as an example if they tried to leave
before their time was served or were not on leave.

CD3: “ It was an embarrassment to a military that needed strong fearless soldiers, and
was viewed as a sign of weakness.”(Thomas, 12)

CM1: (More Info)

CM2:( More Info)
WS: This disorder was soon forgotten until is seen in later wars to come.

Paragraph 3: How PTSD is defined now?

TS: Today Post Traumatic Stress Disorder is defined as an anxiety disorder that can occur after
experiencing or witnessing a traumatic or life threatening event that causes intense feelings or
fear of helplessness.

CD1: “The disorder primarily arises from life threatening incidents such as war, terrorism,
rape,abuse, a severe accident, or natural disasters like hurricanes and tornados.”(Thomas, 17)

CM1: (More Info)

CM2: (More Info)

CD2: “About 6 to 8 percent of the population will experience PTSD. That means that 5 to
6 million adult americans suffer from the disorder. Researchers estimate that number will rise
over the next decade baue of increased exposure to the growing turmoil in the world.”(Thomas,
17)

CM1: More Info

CM2: More Info

CD3: “ PTSD is a complex disorder with several components. To be diagnosed, a patient
must exhibit three types of symptoms: re-experiencing symptoms, avoidance behaviors, and
symptoms of hyper vigilance.”(Thomas, 17)

CM1: (Need Info)

CM2:(Need Info)

WS: Most patients have most of all of the symptoms.

Taken:
Video: http://streaming.factsonfile.com/PortalViewVideo.aspx?
xtid=39414&psid=0&sid=0&State=&title=PTSD: Post-Traumatic Stress
Disorder&IsSearch=Y&parentSeriesID=&loid=58325

Picture: In Folder and soldier holding his head.

What are the symptoms of PTSD?

Paragraph 1: Re-experiencing symptoms

TS: Soldiers have many different symptoms of PTSD and sometimes they are re experiencing
ones that remind them of the horrors of war that they’ve experienced.

CD1: “In severe cases patients have flash backs that feel so real the person sees,
smells, and hears the same sensations they experienced at the time of the trauma.” (Thomas,
18)
CM1:The re-experiencing symptoms can happen as nightmares or upsetting
memories of the incident.

CM2: These images can bring on an overwhelming amount of emotions, making
the veteran feel the same fear and helplessness they felt during that event.

CD2: “During such flashbacks, the person is no longer aware of the real world, but
mentally stuck in the moment of the tragic scene.” (Thomas, 18)

CM1: This makes the soldier or veteran feel like he is reliving the event in such
an intense way.

CM2: (Need another one here)

CD3: “Some outside stimulus, like a sight, smell or sound that reminds the person of the
past traumatic event, often triggers reminds the person of the past traumatic event, often
triggers these flashbacks and bad memories.” (Thomas, 18)

CM1: Vietnam vets associate the smell of diesel fuel with flashbacks of combat
and transport helicopters.

CM2:( Need more info)

WS: Re-experiencing symptoms are not something that these vets can control, it is triggered
and they are brought exactly into those traumatizing situations that they were once in on the
battlefield.

Paragraph 2: Avoidance Behaviors

TS: Another symptom of PTSD is avoidance behavior, trying to ignore and avoid certain
situations or people.

CD1: “ Avoidance behaviors appear as the person consciously or unconsciously tried to
avoid experiencing any situation that reminds them of the traumatic event.” (Thomas, 18)

CM1: Veterans would avoid anything that reminds them of the war.

CM2: This includes loud noises, maybe giant cars or sights and smells. This
could bring on the re- experiencing symptoms talked about above.

CD2: “ PTSD sufferers may also avoid meeting individuals who remind them of the
traumatic event.” (Thomas, 18)

CM1: Veterans may not wish to see their comrade buddies after suffering so
much from the war as to it may bring back bad memories.

CM2: ( More info needed)

CD3: “ Avoiding emotions is another behavior common with PTSD patients.”(Thomas,
19)

CM1: They may have a feeling of numbness to what is happening in the outside
world.

CM2: Amnesia is an extreme form of avoidance, the mind might just block out the
traumatic event all together.

WS: Patients usually show a sign of a combination of three or more types of avoidance
behaviors.

Paragraph 3: Hypervigilance Symptoms

TS: The last main problem that has been showed by people with PTSD is hypervigilance
Symptoms which include feeling constantly on edge and alert.

CD1: “ In a war situation hypervigilance assures a soldier's survival. If he lets his guard
down, the enemy might kill him.” (Thomas, 20 & 21)

CM1: (Need Info)

CM2: (Need Info)

CD2: “At home this feeling of constant alertness may manifest itself in insomnia,
irritability, anger, trouble concentrating and a sharp startle reflex.” (Thomas, 21)

CM1: These actions and feelings can easily interrupt a veterans everyday life
and ruin his home life.

CM2: Usually these symptoms after anyone goes through something
traumatizing but usually return to normal within a short time people with PTSD experience these
symptoms or a much longer period of time.

CD3: (Need Info)

CM1: (Need Info)

CM2: (Need Info)

WS: Scientists are just beginning to understand how the brain works, but they already have
evidence of physical adverse effects of trauma.

Taken:

Poem:

How Can We Trest PTSD?

Paragraph 1: Guided Imagery

TS: One of the treatment methods used to help victims of PTSD is guided imagery.

CD1: “If the verbal side of the brain is hindered, she suggests that it is more effective to
use the visual side as a basis for treatment.” (Thomas, 54)

CM1: For some people, talking about the traumatic event can be difficult and they
may not be able to express their feelings on the matter.

CM2: Traum often produces changes in the brain that weakens a person's ability
to think and talk about the event because the trauma was experienced in different ways by
different senses.

CD2: “ Imagery-based solutions use the right hemisphere of the brain- perception,
sensation, emotion and movement- rather than the left side’ standard cognitive functions of
thinking, analyzing,verbalizing an synthesizing.” (Thomas, 54)

CM1: Guided imagery helps the patient through imagination find relief.

CM2: It also has been called purposeful or directed daydreaming.

CD3: “ For PTSD patients, it can relieve fears and increase coping skills.” (Thomas,54)

CM1: Studies have shown that guided imagery dehae an effect on the physical
body.

CM2: It can lower blood pressure, decrease the number of hospital visits, and
reduce pain for those who use it as a coping method.

WS: ( More Info)

Paragraph 2: Exposure Therapy

TS: Exposure therapy helps the victim re-experience their traumatic event.

CD1: “ Exposure therapy literally exposes a survivor to aspects of the trauma so they
can re-experience the feelings and fears that have overwhelmed them. (Thomas, 56)

CM1: This so that the patients can face their fears and gain control of their
emotions so that the trauma is less stressful.

CM2: (More Info)

CD2: “ Patients are carefully and repeatedly exposed to the event in one of several
ways.”(Thomas, 56)

CM1: They can usually either tell their story orally or they might be shown
detailed pictures.

CM2: The exposure starts at least stressful to more traumatic.

CD3: “ Virtual reality simulators are designed with the same technology as the latest
computer games.” (Thomas, 58)

CM1: (More Info)

CM2:( More Info)

WS: Patients treated with the simulator improved 20% more than with regular talk therapy
alone.

Paragraph 3: Treating PTSD with Medication

TS: For my people therapy may be all they need but if many other patients it’s not enough and
may need a little more help.

CD1: “Currently he food and drug administration has only approved two medications for
the treatment of PTSD; Sertraline (Zoloft) and Paroxetine (Paxil).” (Thomas, 60)

CM1: These medications are both anti-depressants,they work by blocking the sit
on neurons that remove serotonin from synapses. This allows the body to have a calming effect.

CM2: This medication also relieves PTSD symptoms such as : hypervigilance
and intrusive thoughts, as well as countering depression and panic attacks.

CD2: “ In several studies these medications have been shown to actually reverse
damage to the brain due to stress,by increasing the branching of neurons in the hippocampus.”
( Thomas 60)

CM1: Although the effects to the medications are sleepiness, nausea,anxiety,
and restlessness in sm patients.

CM2: (More Info)

CD3: “Physicians are continuously searching for alternative medications to help their
patients and, though they are not approved to treat approved for PTSD, many other drugs are
used to treat similar conditions or specific symptoms.” (Thomas, 61 & 62)

CM1: (More Info)

CM2: (More Info)

WS: If patients are putting too much energy into balancing their lives with therapy, exercise, and
stress relief, then medication is the next step.

Taken:

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