It's a brief introduction on OpenStack and contains the below items: Cloud bascis, OpenStack basics, Challenges in Production, Redhat's RDO and RHOS.

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OpenStack Briefing
Gary Duan

2. © Copyright 2012 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. The information contained herein is subject to change without notice.2
Agenda
1 Cloud/IaaS/OpenStack
2 7 Core Projects in OpenStack
3 Challenges in Production
4 Red Hat Cloud Solution
5 Technical Req. on OpenStack

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Cloud
Hadoop
Google App Engine
百度云盘
阿里云, 腾讯云，盛大云
Windows Azure
智慧地球/城市
AWS
Grid

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Cloud – Service Model
SaaS
PaaS
IaaS
User Cloud:
Salesforce, Evernote
Development Cloud:
Google App Engine, SAE
System Cloud:
AWS, Windows Azure (also provide PaaS),
阿里云，金山云
OpenStack, CloudStack

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OpenStack
What
• OpenStack is a global collaboration of developers and cloud computing technologists producing the
ubiquitous open source cloud computing platform for public and private clouds.
Why
• To deliver solutions for all types of clouds by being
• simple to deploy,
• massively scalable,
• feature rich.
How
• Implemented through a series of interrelated projects delivering various components for a cloud
infrastructure solution.

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OpenStack Project Genesis
Cloud servers
Cloud files
Open source
NovaCC
Open source
Nova (compute)
Swift (Storage)

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OpenStack Foundation

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OpenStack – grizzly release
 Modular architecture
 Based on a set of core
services
 Designed for scalability
and elasticity

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Nova – Compute-as-a-Service
•Provide the ability to create and manage compute instances on demandCompute Instance
•Support a variety of hypervisors, including KVM, ESXi, Hyper-V, Xen, LXC
•OpenStack doesn’t include any virtualization software; Rather it defines drivers
which interacts with underlying virtualization software
Hypervisors
•Support basic network and VLANBasic Network
•Distributed asynchronous architecture to provide scalability
•Scale-outScalability
•Support native REST API and EC2-compatibile APIAPI

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Cinder – Block Storage
 Provides block storage for virtual machines
o Provisions volumes on external storage
o Attaches volume to VM
o Create Snapshot
 Volumes have a lifecycle independent of VMs
 Supported storage:
o Local Disk, NFS, iSCSI, FC
 Use scenarios:
o Create/delete volume
o Boot VM instances from volume
o Attach volume to VM
 Plugin architecture for vendor
extensions
o HP 3PAR, LeftHand

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Swift – Object Storage
 Manages data as objects
 Each object typically contains:
o Data itself
o Metadata
o Globally unique identifier
 Object Storage V.S. Block Storage
 How to achieve High Reliability and Low Cost?
Storage Access
Protocol
Store Entity Application Advantages
Block SATA, SCSI, iSCSI,
FC
Block within sectors SAN, local disk High performance,
High reliability
Object HTTP, REST Object Amazon S3, 百度云盘,
HP Cloud Storage
High reliability, Low
cost

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Swift – Mechanism
 High Reliability – Replication and Auto-recovery
 Data is distributed across Isolated Failure
Boundaries -- Zone
o Each copy of data resides in a different zone
o Swift stores at least 3 copies of data and hence at least 4 zones
are required. (in case 1 zone fail, 3rd copy will be created on 4th
zone)
o Preferably 5 zones (so that 2 zones can fails)
o Zone can be a separate disk, a physical node or a
separated rack, depending on size of your deployment
 Low Cost – Commodity Hardware
o Since it can tolerate 2 zones’ failure, common disks are OK
without RAID or advanced storage.

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Neutron – Network-as-a-Service
 Network-as-a-Service
o Provide consumer API to build rich network topologies and configure advanced network policies
o Can build complex network without considering the real network hardware
• Multi-tenants network or multi-tier application
o REST APIs to describe network resources:
• Network/Subnet/Port
 Framework to implement SDN
 Introduces plugin mechanism via which vendor can implement advanced
network capabilities by using VLAN, GRE, iptables or other advanced
technologies, such as OpenFlow
o Open vSwitch plugin
o NEC Openflow plugin
o HP also has Openflow plugin but seems not open-sourced.

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Neutron (Cont’d)
 3-tier Network simulating website env
Presentation DatabaseController

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Neutron – Components and Mapping to OSI
 Neutron-server
o Responsible for loading a plugin and
passing API calls to the plugin for
processing
 Neutron-plugin-agent
o Manages virtual switch configuration
o Connects VMs to network
 Neutron-dhcp-agent
o Allocate IP address to each VM
o Maintains DHCP configuration
 Neutron-l3-agent
o Create virtual router for connectivity
between networks
o Providing floating IP based on NAT
 Neutron-<service>-agent
o Loading other service, such as
LoadBalancing
Lay
er
OSI Neutron
L7 Application LBaaS(HAproxy), FWaaS(IPtables),
VPNaaS(IPsec)
L6 Presentation
L5 Session
L4 Transport
L3 Network Router, NAT
L2 Data link Linux Bridge, vSwitch, VLAN
L1 Physical

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Glance -- Image Management
 Provides the ability to register images to use with the Compute service
• Filesystem, Swift, Amazon S3, HTTPBackend storage
• QCOW(KVM), VHD(XEN), VMDK(ESXi), OVF, etcImage Format

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 Authentication/Authorization Service
o Common authentication, authorization
Same account and credentials for starting a VM instance and accessing a container in
object storage
Enforcement of authorization policies at the service level (not centralized)
o Identity, Token, Catalog, Policies
o Pluggable backends
RDB, LDAP, Active Directory, KeyValue
 Catalog of Services with their endpoints
o Where and what are the services available in the cloud
o What are their endpoints (API)
Keystone

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Horizon -- Dashboard
Administrator View
• Provides an overall view of the size and state of your cloud. You can create resources, users and
projects, assign users to projects and set limits/quotas on the resources for those projects.
Cloud User View
• Provides users a self-service portal to provision their own resources within the limits set by
administrators.
Extensible web app that allows cloud administrators and users to control their
compute, storage and networking resources.

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Horizon -- Dashboard

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Challenges in Production
• Even within one project, not all components/drivers have been tested thoroughly.
Not all projects have the same
level of maturity
• Customer has to figure out an upgrade solution without affecting their running business
A six-month release cycle but no
upgrade solution
• AMQP, Database, Network, User Authentication, …Key services/VMs need HA
• Integrate with existing IT facilities, such as backup, security, user authentication, application transfer
• Enable hybrid cloud by collaborating with public cloudCustomization work needed
Bugs
o Open Source doesn’t mean free; Rich plugins doesn’t mean best solution
o OpenStack provide many options, but enterprise might get lost
o People can implement cloud with OpenStack easily, but if you don’t have a deep understand, you will
encounter many “surprise”, such as network partition, poor performance, crash.

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OpenStack – RH’s Solution
 RDO
o Red Hat’s Open-Source distribution
for Openstack
o Easy-to-deploy-on-redhat installer
o Only run on Red Hat’s OS and
hypervisor(KVM)
 Red Hat Enterprise Linux
OpenStack Platform
o Enterprise-ready solution
o RH tests and certifies OpenStack
release running on RHOS for broad
hardware and software compatibility
and performance.
o Current release is 4.0 based on
Havana(2013/10 release)
Category OpenStack RDO RHOS
Installer x Easy-to-use installer Easy-to-use installer
OS Redhat, Ubuntu, etc Fedora, RHEL, CentOS,
Scientific Linux
RHEL
hypervisor KVM, Xen, ESXi,
LXC, QEMU
KVM KVM (Red Hat Enterprise
Virtualization)
UI Dashboard Dashboard Dashboard, RH Cloud
Forms(Could Management
for OpenStack, AWS,
VMware vSphere, RHEV)
Storage
backend
x x RHSS provides backend
Security x x SELinux, etc
Hybrid
Cloud
x x Supported through RH
Cloud Forms
Supported
Life Cycle
6 months 6 months 18 months (Offer security
and bug fixes)

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Techniques required by OpenStack
 Linux
o Install, system management, Filesystem, network
 Install/Configure/Manage/Optimize SQL Database
 Virtualization
 Network
o DHCP, VLAN, Router, Firewall, iptables,
Linux bridge, Switch, SDN, OpenFlow
 Storage
o LVM, Storage tiers, Block Storage, Object
Storage, RAID
 Physical machines/BIOS
 Script programming

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Thank you

24. © Copyright 2013 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. The information contained herein is subject to change without notice. HP Restricted.
Backup slides

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Nova – Components

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Cinder – Components

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Swift – Components